Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

6th Semester > Research Test 2 > Flashcards

Research Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

the capacity to detect a true relationship

A

statistical validity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Do smaller sample sizes are bigger sample sizes cause statistical validity?

A

bigger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the extent to which it can be inferred that the independent variable is truly causing the outcome

A

internal validity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind of studies have a higher internal validity?

A

RCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What kind of studies have a lower internal validity?

A

quasi and correlational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

competing explanation are also called what

A

threats to internal validity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What design is unclear whether the independent variable preceded the dependent variable?

A

cross-sectional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A type of internal validity that reflects biases stemming from preexisting differences between groups.

A

selection threat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A threat to internal validity that relates to the occurrence of events concurrent with the independent viable that can affect the outcome.

A

history threat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which designs are most likely to be affected by history threat?

A

one-group pretest-posttest and time-series

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A threat to internal validity that arises from processes occurring as a result of time rather than the independent variable.

A

maturation threat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What group is vulnerable to maturation threat?

A

one-group pretest-posttest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the single biggest threat to studies that do not use an experimental design?

A

selection threat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A threat in internal validity that arises from attrition in groups being compared.

A

mortality threat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Concerns inferences about whether relationships found for study participants.

A

external validity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which validity equals generalization?

A

external

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the threat in external validity?

A

sampling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a way to get by in external validity?

A

replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Can research be undertaken without constructs?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

is the intervention a good representation of the construct

A

construct validity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Researchers develop what kind of plan that specifies in advance how participants will be selected and how many to include?

A

sampling plan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do researchers specify characteristics that delimit the population?

A

eligibility criteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is inclusion criteria?

A

a person qualifies as a member of the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is exclusion criteria?

A

a person doesn’t qualify as a member of the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the target population?

A

the entire population in which a researcher is interested

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the accessible population?

A

the portion of the target population that is accessible to the researcher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

A type of sampling in which characteristics closely approximate those of the population.

A

representative sampling

28
Q

What is sampling bias?

A

when a sample either represents too much or doesn’t represent enough

29
Q

Populations consist of subpopulations; also known as?

A

strata

30
Q

Why are strata used?

A

to enhance the sample’s representativeness

31
Q

What is nonprobability sampling?

A

when researchers select elements (humans) by nonrandom methods in which every element usually does not have a chance to be included

32
Q

Which sampling entails selecting the most conveniently available people as participants?

A

convenience sampling

33
Q

What is convenience sampling at risk for?

A

bias

34
Q

What is the weakest sampling?

A

convenience sampling

35
Q

A type of nonprobability sampling in which researchers identify population strata and figure out how many people are needed from each stratum.

A

quota sampling

36
Q

A type of nonprobability sampling method that involves recruiting all people from an accessible population over a specific time interval, or for a specified sample size.

A

consecutive sampling

37
Q

A type of nonprobability sampling based on the belief that researchers’ knowledge about the population can be used to hand-pick sample members.

A

purposive sampling

38
Q

What type of sampling involves random selection of elements from a population?

A

probability sampling

39
Q

The most basic probability sampling in which researchers establish a sampling frame.

A

simple random sampling

40
Q

A type of probability sampling in which the population is first divided into two or more strata, from which elements are randomly selected.

A

stratified random sampling

41
Q

A type of probability sampling that involves the selection of every kth case from a list.

A

systematic sampling

42
Q

What are sampling errors?

A

differences in between the population values and sample values

43
Q

What is a sample size?

A

the number of study participants

44
Q

What is a power analysis?

A

A way researchers can estimate how large their samples need to be

45
Q

What is the first step in critiquing sampling plans?

A

whether the researcher has adequately described the sampling strategy

46
Q

What is the second step in critiquing sampling plans?

A

whether the researcher made good sampling decisions

47
Q

What are three ways data is collected?

A
  • self-report
  • observation
  • biphysiologic measures
48
Q

What are ways to collect data in self-report?

A
  • questionnaire
  • interview
  • scale
49
Q

A type of scale that consists of several declarative statements (items) that express a viewpoint on a topic.

A

Likert scale

50
Q

A type of scale that can be used to measure subjective experiences, such as pain, fatigue, and dyspnea.

A

visual analog scale

51
Q

lowest level of measurement; describes attributes; example is gender

  • not usually measured
A

nominal

52
Q

Likert scale is an example of what kind of measurement?

A

ordinal

53
Q

Can you do math on ordinal measurements?

A

no

54
Q

researcher can specify the ranking of objects and specify the distance between them

no actual zero; example is an IQ

A

interval

55
Q

Highest level; does have a meaningful level of zero

provide information about the absolute magnitude of the attribute

example is weighte

A

ratio

56
Q

the consistency and accuracy of a measurment

A

reliability

57
Q

three aspects of reliability

A

stability, internal consistency, and equivalence

58
Q

the extent to which all the items on the instrument measure the same trait

A

internal consistency

59
Q

the degree to which similar results are obtained on separate occasions

A

stability

60
Q

the degree of similarity between alternative forms of an instrument or between multiple raters/observers using an instrument

A

equivalence

61
Q

the degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure

A

validity

62
Q

a type of validity based on personal judgement and refers to whether the instrument looks as though it is an appropriate measure of the construct

A

face

63
Q

a type of validity and the degree to which an instrument has an adequate sample of items for the construct being measure

A

content

64
Q

a type of validity and the degree to which the instrument is related to an external criterion

A

criterion-related

65
Q

What is the instrument really measuring and does it adequately measure the construct of interest

A

construct validity

6th Semester (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions