Research Question

Question 1

What are the features of the research question ?

Answer 1

• Relevant : it is an issue covered by the research
• Manageable : it is within the scope, not too large but not too narrow
• Specific : it is measurable or investigable
• Clear and simple : readers understand what you are hoping to find out
• Interesting : readers are interested in the research, it is a substantial question
• Legitimate : it is a question, not a statement
• Answerable : you can actually provide an answer to your research question

Question 2

What does PICO mean ?

Answer 2

P: patient/population/problem
I : intervention (therapy, treatment)
C: comparison (control group or usual care)
O : outcome - what you wish to measure

Question 3

What are the types of PICO questions ?

Answer 3

Diagnosis
Therapy
Prognosis
Etiology/harm
Prevention  

For quantitative research

Question 4

Diagnosis Research Question

Answer 4

Are (I) more accurate in diagnosing (P) compared with (C) for (O)

Question 5

Therapy Research Question

Answer 5

In (P), what is the effect of (I) on (O) compared with (C)

Question 6

Prognosis Research Question

Answer 6

Does (I) influence (O) in patients who have (P)

Question 7

Etiology Research Question

Answer 7

Are (P) who have (I) at increased/decreased risk for/of (O) compared with (P) with /without (C)

Question 8

Prevention Research Question

Answer 8

For (P) does the use of (I) reduce the future risk of (O) compared with (C)

Question 9

What is PIco

Answer 9

P : population/patient/problem
I : interest
Co : context

Only in qualitative researches

Question 10

What is SPICE

Answer 10

Qualitative

S : settings (where)
P : perspective (from whom)
I : interest (what)
C : comparison (what else)
E : Evaluation (how well, what result)

Question 11

What is SPIDER

Answer 11

Qualitative + mixed methods of studies

S : sample population 
PI : Phenomenon of interest 
D : Design 
E : Evaluation 
R : Research type

Question 12

What are the 4 components in Orientation ?

Answer 12

1) Define the problem
2) Orientate on the topic of interest
3) Define search limits
4) Determine terminology and concepts

Question 13

What are the 4 components in systematic search ?

Answer 13

1) plan the search
2) perform an electronic search
3) additional search by hand
4) judge eligibility of studies

Question 14

What are the 3 components of the Evaluation of search ?

Answer 14

1) critical appraisal
2) evaluate the process
3) update the search if needed

Question 15

What are the 4 steps in systematic search ?

Answer 15

1) identification
2) screening
3) eligibility
4) inclusion

Question 16

Where to find the best evidence ?

Answer 16

• Pubmed
• Pedro
• Sport Discus
• Google scholar
• Research gate
• Cochrane library