Research Methods Standard 1

Question 1

the tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it

Answer 1

hindsight bias (I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon)

Question 2

the tendency to be more confident than correct—to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments.

Answer 2

Overconfidence

Question 3

an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events

Answer 3

Theory

Question 4

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory

Answer 4

Hypothesis

Question 5

A research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process

Answer 5

Experiment

Question 6

the collection of data by having people answer a series of questions

Answer 6

Survery

Question 7

A research strategy that allows the precise calculation of how strongly related two factors are to each other.

Answer 7

Correlational study

Question 8

observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

Answer 8

Naturalistic observation

Question 9

a descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

Answer 9

Case study

Question 10

research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period

Answer 10

longitudinal study

Question 11

A study in which a representative cross section of the population is tested or surveyed at a specific point in time

Answer 11

cross-sectional study