Research Methods: sampling techniques

Question 1

what is random sampling?

Answer 1

sophisticated form of sampling in which all members of the target population have an equal chance of being selected.

Question 2

what is systematic sampling?

Answer 2

when every nth member of pop. is selected.

Question 3

what is stratified sampling?

Answer 3

a sophisticated form of sampling in which the composition of the sample reflects the proportion of people in certain groups.

Question 4

what is opportunity sampling?

Answer 4

a method where researchers select anyone who is willing and available.

Question 5

what is volunteer sampling?

Answer 5

participants select themselves.

Question 6

how do you carry out volunteer sampling?

Answer 6

advertisement, notice boards or they could put their hand up

Question 7

how do you carry out opportunity sampling?

Answer 7

researcher takes the chance to ask whoever is around

Question 8

How do you carry out stratified sampling?

Answer 8

First you would identify different strata that make up a population. Then, the proportion needed for the sample to be representative are worked out then the different strata are selected using sampling.
Example: people who like cake, 60 ppl
20% like vanilla 40% like chocolate 40% like red velvet
12 ppl. 24ppl. 24ppl

Question 9

How to carry out systematic sampling?

Answer 9

A sampling frame is produced (a list of people in target population) then organised for instance in alphabetical order. A sampling system could also be used to be nominated or this interval could be chosen randomly.

Question 10

How do you carry out random sampling?

Answer 10

Complete a list of target pop. All of the names assigned a number then sample it through a lottery method.

Question 11

what is a + random sampling?

Answer 11

• free from researcher bias.

- prevents them from choosing ppl who may support hypothesis.

Question 12

what is a + of systematic sampling?

Answer 12

• avoiding research bias.

- usually fairly representative.

Question 13

what is a + of stratified sampling?

Answer 13

• avoid research bias.

- representative because accuracy reflect the composition of the population.

Question 14

what is a + of opportunity sampling?

Answer 14

• convenient
• saves time
• less costly

Question 15

what is a + of volunteer sampling?

Answer 15

• its easy
• requires minimal input from the researcher.
• less time consuming.

Question 16

what is a - of random sampling?

Answer 16

• difficult
• time consuming
• selected participants may refuse to take part.
• unlucky (sometimes)

Question 17

what is a - of volunteer sampling?

Answer 17

-might attract a certain type of person

Question 18

what is a - of opportunity sampling?

Answer 18

• quite bias
• the sample is unrepresentative of the target population
• The researcher has complete choice over the selection of participants.

Question 19

what is a - of stratified sampling?

Answer 19

-identified strata cannot all the ways ppl are different.

Question 20

what is a - of systematic sampling?

Answer 20

• time consuming

- unlucky (sometimes)