Research Methods Info 1: Research Ethics

Question 1

definition of beneficence?

Answer 1

Considering a participant’s welfare and doing or producing good.

Question 2

According to the “National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research”, the general principles of research conduct include:

Answer 2

Research merit and integrity, justice, beneficence and respect

Question 3

According to the “National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research”, the principle of “Justice” in your human ethical considerations would involve:

Answer 3

A fair distribution of the benefits of participation in research

Question 4

A risk is a potential for harm, discomfort or inconvenience. Researchers .

Answer 4

• need to identify risks and gauge the severity of the harm (and consequences)
• need to identify risks and gauge their probability of occurring
• need to minimize the risks to participants if they are not justified
• include in their research design, mechanisms to deal adequately with any harm that may occur

Question 5

Research that has merit is:

Answer 5

justifiable by its potential benefit

Question 6

what is the purpose of national health and medical research council (NHMRC) ethics statement?

Answer 6

the purpose of the national statement is to promote ethical human research

Question 7

what are the values and principles of ethical conducts

Answer 7

• research merit and integrity
• justice
• beneficences
• respect

Question 8

what are the research Merit and integrity?

Answer 8

• justifiable by it’s protentional benefits
• designed or developed using methods appropriate for achieving the aims of the proposal
• based on a throughout study of the current literature, as well as previous studies.
• designed to ensure that respect for the participants is not compromised by the aim of the research, by the way it is carried out, or by the result.
• conducted or supervised by person or term with experience
  conducted using facilities and resources appropriate for the research.
• conducting research to search for knowledge, conduct it honestly and to communicate all results in ways that permit security.

Question 9

what is justice?

Answer 9

• the process of recruiting participants is fair
• there is fair distribution of the benefits of participants in research
• there is no exploitation of participants in the conduct of research
• research outcomes should be made accessible to research participants in a way that is timely and clear.

Question 10

what is Beneficence?

Answer 10

• assess risk/potential benefits of research to participants being aware/empathetic of welfare interest of participants
• research are responsible for
  1) designing the research to minimize the risk of harm or discomfort to participants
  2) clarifying for participants the poetical benefits and risks of the research and
• where the risk to participants are no longer justified by the potential benefits of the research, the research must be suspended to allow time to consider whether it should be discontinued or at least modified.

Question 11

what is respect?

Answer 11

• values of human anatomy
• respect also requires having due regarding for the welfare , beliefs perspective, customs and culture heritage, both individuals and collective , of those in research.
• research their institution should respect the privacy confidentially and culture sensitivities of the participants.
• the capacity of participants to make their own decisions.

Question 12

risk and benefits (assessments of risk)

Answer 12

• identify (physical, mental, economical)
• severity (harm, discomfort, inconvenience)
• probability (low risk vas negligible)
• management (minimized, justified)

Question 13

what are the requirements for consent

Answer 13

• participants is voluntary and based on sufficient information
  -this requires an adequate understanding f the purpose, methods demands, risks and potential benefits of the research.
  can be renegotiated or conformed form time to time
• people should not be coerced or pressured into participating

Question 14

what the participants can be reimbursed

Answer 14

• appropriate reimbursement for taking part (travel . accommodation parking , their time)
• disproportionate to the time involves, or inducement that encourages participants to take risks is not acceptable

Question 15

what are the responsibilities of research

Answer 15

• maintain high standard
• respect participants and the environment
• report research responsibility and report misconduct
• researchers should retain research data and primary materials for sufficient time to allow reference to them by other researches and interested parties.
• manage data in accordance to guidelines for institution