Research Methods: Experimental Designs - Independent Groups, Repeated Measures, Matched Pairs - KR Flashcards
What is meant by an independent groups design?
participants only take part in one condition
Which experimental design has different participants in each condition?
independent groups design
How is an independent groups design conducted?
Split your group of participants into equal sized groups then allocate one group to each condition
What is meant by order effects?
When participants complete more than one condition and may become bored/ tired in the second condition or better at the second task. therefore affecting the internal validity
What is a strength of participants completing only 1 condition
no order effects
What is the key term for participants becoming bored/ tired or better in the second condition?
Order effects
Why are there no order effects in independent groups design?
Participants only take part in one condition so will not get bored/tired or better in the second condition.
Aside from order effects what is an alternative strength to using independent groups design?
Can be used when repeated measures is inappropriate
Why can independent groups be used when repeated measures is inappropriate?
when conducting a quasi experiment i.e. gender differences
What type of validity improves when order effects are avoided?
internal validity
Why does the internal validity of a study increase when order effects are eliminated?
Because the results aren’t being affected so we are measuring what we said we would.
What is meant by individual difference?
Characteristics of participants that may affect the results
What is a weakness of using an independent groups design?
individual differences
Which experimental designs are affected by individual differences?
independent groups and matched pairs
Which experimental design is affected by order effects?
repeated measures
Why is independent groups design negatively affected by individual differences?
There are separate groups of ppts so ppts may have characteristics in one condition tht affect the DV
Give an example of an individual difference that would affect a memory study
better/ worse memory
Why are individual differences an issue when using an independent groups design
it lowers the internal validity of research
What is meant by repeated measures design?
participants take part in all conditions
Which experimental design do participants take part in all conditions?
repeated measures design
How is a repeated measures design conducted?
Participants complete one condition, then after a time lapse (1hr) they complete the second condition.
What needs to be done to the DV in a repeated measures design to make sure we have internal validity?
the task (DV) should be different but matched on the same difficulty or measuring the same thing as the previous task.
What are the two strengths of using a repeated measures design?
individual differences are removed and requires fewer participant
Why are individual differences removed in a repeated measures design?
the same participants take part in all conditions
