Research Methods Exam #1

Question 1

Why is the consumer role important?

Answer 1

It allows you to be skeptical about the information you take in

Question 2

Why is the producer role important?

Answer 2

It allows you to do proper research for your graduate work and future career

Question 3

How scientists work

Answer 3

Empiricism

Question 4

Empiricism

Answer 4

Using evidence that is observable

Question 5

Theory-Data Cycle

Answer 5

Collect data to test, change, or update your theory

Question 6

Theories lead to

Answer 6

hypotheses

Question 7

Parsimony

Answer 7

The degree to which a theory proves the simplest explanation

Question 8

Basic research

Answer 8

Enhances the general body of knowledge

Question 9

Applied research

Answer 9

Addresses a specific problem

Question 10

Confounds

Answer 10

Alternative explanations for an outcome

Question 11

Probabilistic

Answer 11

Research does not explain all cases all of the time

Question 12

Availability heuristic

Answer 12

Things that pop up in our mind tend to guide our thinking

Question 13

Present/present bias

Answer 13

Failing to notice what is not there

Question 14

Construct validity

Answer 14

How well a variable is operationalized

Question 15

Statistical validity

Answer 15

The extent to which a study’s findings are precise, reasonable, and replicable

Question 16

External validity

Answer 16

How well the results represent groups other than the ones in the study

Question 17

Internal validity

Answer 17

Is this the only explanation for the outcome?

Question 18

Association claim requires…

Answer 18

Construct, external, and statistical

Question 19

Three criteria for a causal claim

Answer 19

Covariance, temporal precedence, internal validity