Research Methods + Ethical Concepts & Guidelines Flashcards
What is an independent variable?
The variable that is manipulated, controlled and changed.
What is the dependent variable?
The variable that is measured
What is an extraneous variable?
A variable other than the IV that can affect the DV, and the results of the experiment.
What a controlled variable?
The variable that is held constant to ensure that the only influence on the DV is the IV.
What is the cofounding variable?
An unwanted variable that affects the results of the investigation.
Population of Interest
The wider group of people that the researcher is interested in understanding.
Sample
The participants selected from the population, who participate in the investigation.
What is random sampling?
Each member in the population has an equal chance at being selected. Eg. Lottery system, Wheel of Names.
Limitations and Strengths of random sampling
A strength could be that a big enough sample is likely representative of the population. A limitation is small samples may not be as accurate to the larger population.
What is stratified sampiling?
Dividing the population into subgroups, then randomly selecting participants from each subgroup in proportion to how they appear in the population.
Ethical Concept: Beneficence
Having a commitment to do good ( and minimize risk and harm)
Ethical Concept: Integrity
Acting with honesty and transparency
Ethical Concept: Justice
Ensuring fair distribution of benefits, risks, cost and resources.
Ethical Concept: Non-maleficence
Avoiding harm or ensuring potential harm is outweighed by benefits.
Ethical Concept: Respect
Giving due regard to individual differences and ensuring the right to autonomy and choice
Ethical Guidelines: Confidentiality
Ensuring the privacy of participant’s personal information
Ethical Guideline: Debriefing
After the experiment, disclosing the aim, results, and conclusions, answering questions and providing support
Ethical Guideline: Informed Consent
Ensuring participants understand the nature, purpose and risks of the study before agreeing to participate.
Ethical Guideline: Use of deception in research
Concealing aspects of the study (only used when absolutely necessary, and must be accompanied my research)
Ethical Guideline: Voluntary Participation
Ensuring there is no coercion or pressure to participate.
Ethical Guideline: Withdrawal Rights
Allowing participants to discontinue involvement in an experiment, without penalty.
