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Psychology > Research Methods AO1 > Flashcards

Research Methods AO1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define ‘ The Experimental Method’

A

Where the researcher manipulates variables to measure a cause and effect relationship

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2
Q

What is a Research Aim?

A

A general statement about what the researcher plans to investigate ( Some studies can have more than one aim )

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3
Q

What is an independant variable?

A

The variable that is changed/ manipulated

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4
Q

What is a dependant variable?

A

The variable that is measured

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5
Q

What does it mean to operationalise your variables?

A

You must be precise and clear about what is being manipulated/ measured

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6
Q

EXAMPLE- Identify the IV and DV

Male participants will throw a rugby ball further than female participants

A

IV= Whether the participant is male or female
DV= How far the rugby ball is thrown in meters

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7
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A precise and testable statement of the relationship between two variables and it must be a statement and not a question or prediction

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8
Q

What is a directional hypothesis?

A

A hypothesis that states the precise direction the results will go

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9
Q

What is a non- directional hypothesis?

A

A hypothesis where it is stated there will be a difference between the variables but the answer is not clear

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10
Q

When should a directional hypothesis be used?

A

When previous research into a topic suggests a particular outcome and all the previous research agrees

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11
Q

When should a non- directional hypothesis be used?

A

If there is limited or no previous research, or the previous research contradicts itself

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12
Q

What is a Laboratory Experiment?

A

When the experiment is carried out in a well-controlled artificial environment e.g. lab or well controlled classroom

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13
Q

What are the strengths of a Laboratory Experiment?

A
  • Can ensure no EV’s effect the study
  • Control over EV’s and CV’s mean any effects on the dependent variable are due to IV manipulation
  • Replication possible because of controlled environment
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14
Q

What are the limitations of the Laboratory Experiment?

A
  • May lack generability as the setting is artificial and participants could behave different because of the setting
  • Participants are aware they are being tested in an experiment leading to unnatural behavior
  • High chance of demand characteristics
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15
Q

What is a Field Experiment?

A

The experiment takes place in a natural, everyday setting e.g. going to the participants usual setting

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16
Q

What are the strengths of a Field Experiment?

A
  • Higher mundane realism because environment is more natural
  • May produce more valid behavior
  • Participants could be unaware of study
17
Q

What are the limitations of a Field Experiment?

A
  • There is less control over EV’s and CV’s meaning there is less cause and effect
  • Cannot control variables
  • Study is almost impossible to replicate
18
Q

What is a Natural Experiment?

A

An experiment which can occur in the lab or the field but the researcher has no control over the IV and cannot change it e.g those who have been in an earthquake and those who haven’t

19
Q

What is the definition of reliability?

A

A measure of whether something stays the same

20
Q

What is the definition of the Test- Retest Method?

A

Assesses the consistency of a test and measures stability- if the test is conducted again the same answers will be found

21
Q

What is the definition of the Inter- Observer Reliability?

A

More than one researcher completes a task to see if the other is measuring the behavior correctly

22
Q

What is the definition of Validity?

A

Whether a measure actually measures what we think we are measuring

23
Q

What is the definition of Internal Validity?

A

A measure of whether results obtained are solely affected by changes in the variable being manipulated

24
Q

What is the definition of External Validity?

A

Measure of whether data can be generalised to other situations outside the research area

25
Q

What is the definition of Face Validity?

A

If it appears/ looks like the measure or result is right

26
Q

What is the definition of Concurrent Validity?

A

Whether a measure is in agreement with pre- existing meaures

27
Q

What is the definition of Ecological Validity?

A

Whether data is generalisable to the real world based on conditions

28
Q

What is the definition of Temporal Validity?

A

Whether findings can be applied to different time periods

Psychology (5 decks)

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