Research Methods Flashcards
What is a dependent variable
A variable whose value depends on that of an other (the IV).
What is an independent variable?
A variable whose variation does not depend on that of an other
What is objective data?
It is free of bias (usually), and measured as a statistic (eg: a percentage %)
What is subjective data?
Possible of bias and are usually descriptive results
What is a hypothesis?
A prediction that a certain outcome will result from specific conditions.
Definition of population:
The entire set of individuals to which generalisations will be based on an experimental sample.
Quantitative definition:
Usually a number of amount (factual information; Eg: 100ml of coffee)
Qualitative definition:
Descriptive verbal / image, personal. (Biased; Eg: “the coffee was dark and creamy”).
Definition of longitudinal:
A study done over time (a long period).
Correlational research:
A relationship between two variables, figuring out which variables are connected.
Descriptive research:
Used to describe characteristics of a population of phenomenon being studied.
Experimental research:
A type of evaluation that seeks to determine whether a program or invention had the intended casual effect on participants.
Define extraneous variables:
Undesirable variables which often influence the relationship between the variables the experimenter is testing.
What is convenience sampling?
Selecting participants based on the researchers accessibility to them, or their availability
What is random sampling?
Ensures that every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected
What is stratified sampling?
Breaking the population into groups (strata), based on characteristics they share
What is ethics?
Standards, morals, identifying good decisions and acceptable behaviour
What is use of animals?
Ethology, 10% if studies use animals and can only use some species
What is voluntary participation?
Participants are entering a study freely. No force, bribery or incentive (grades or money).
What is confidentiality?
The right to privacy. Information cannot be disclosed without any content.
What is Informed consent?
Under 18s; parents approved, must know their rights, risks and nature of the study.
What is withdrawal rights?
Remove themselves/ results any time without any negative consequences or giving a reason why.
What is deception?
Giving participants information about the study that may affect the accuracy of the results.
What is debriefing?
Clarifying the knowledge of the study after it has been completed to each participant
