Lifespan Psychology Flashcards
Define accommodation
Changing/ manipulating a Schema in order to fit in new information.
What is Piaget’s theory?
Piaget thought that children passed through 4 sequential changes, achieving KCA’s (Key Cognitive Achievements) at each stage.
What are the four stages?
- Sensory Motor Stage (Birth - 2 years)
- Pre Operational Stage (2 - 7 years)
- Concrete Operational Stage (7 - 11 years)
- Formal Operational Stage (12 + years)
Assimilation definition:
The process of taking new information and fitting it in to and making it part of a (Schema: Concept/ big idea about the world).
What are the KCA’s of the Sensory Motor Stage?
Object permanence
Goal directed behaviour
What are the KCA’s of the Pre- Operational Stage
Egocentrism Decentered thought Transformation Reversibility Animism
What are the KCA’s of the Concrete Operational Stage?
Conservation
Classification
What are the KCA’s of the Formal Operational Stage?
Abstract thinking
Logical thinking
What is object permanence?
The understanding that even though an object can’t be seen or touched it still exists
What is goal directed behaviour?
A behaviour that is driven by a certain purpose in order to achieve something
What is egocentrism
Trouble seeing things from an other persons point of view.
What is animism?
The belief that everything that exists has a soul or some type of consciousness
What is transformation?
The understanding that an object can change from one state to an other.
What is centration?
The incapability to focus on more than one quality of an object at a time
What is reversibility?
The ability to follow something back to its original point.
What is conservation?
That an object doesn’t change its mass, weight or volume just because it’s shape or appearance changes.
What is classification?
The ability to classify information into categories
What is abstract thinking?
The ability to think without needing to visualise things in order to understand concepts
What is logical thinking?
The ability to develop plans and solve problems?
What is emotional development?
Relatively permanent age related changes in how an individual experience different feelings and how these feelings are expressed, interpreted and dealt with.
What is a surrogate?
A substitute - a person who takes care of a child when normal parents are unavailable
What is an attachment target?
Care givers/ person an infant forms an attachment to. (6-8 months; first meaningful attachment)
Define Proximity Maintenance
The infants desire to be near the person(s) to whom it is attached to.
Define Secure Base.
Perceive the attachment target as a base to explore their environment.
Define Separation Distress.
Infant experiences distress when caregiver is absent
Define Safe Haven
Perceive the attachment target as a figure to go to when distressed for comfort.
What is Secure Attachment?
An infant who has formed a secure attachment shows a balance between dependence and exploration
Define Secure Attachment
Infant is playful, curious, sociable and explores.
Define Resistant Attachment
Infant constantly checks caregivers where abouts, calling, pleading, tries to re establish contact, clings, then resists contact.
Define Avoidant Attachment
Infant maintains distance and avoids close contact with others
What is the Attachment Theory?
Infants need a secure relationship with an adult caregiver in order for a healthy emotional development to occur.
