Research Methods Flashcards
What are repeated measures?
There is only one group of participants. All the participants take part in both conditions of the experiment.
What are independent groups?
Participants in the experiment are divided into two groups. One group take part in one condition and the second group takes part in another condition!
What is Matched Pairs?
The participants are tested and matched for qualities into paris and one member takes part in one condition and the another takes part in another condition.
What are the advantages of independent groups?
- There are no order of effects because the participants take part in one condition
- Participants cannot work out the aim of the study because they only take part in one condition
What are the disadvantages of independent groups?
- There is different participant variables in two conditions.
- You need more people for the study because there is to groups.
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What are the disadvantages of repeated measures?
- There are no order of effects as people have to do two tasks.
- You may need two tasks.
- Participants may work out the aim of the study.
What are the advantages of matched pairs?
- Participant variables are reduced.
- There are no order of effects.
- Often the same material can be used for the task in both conditions.
What are the disadvantages of matched pairs?
- Matching is difficult, time consuming and not always successful.
- Some participant variables are still present.
What is standardised procedures?
A set order carrying out a study that is applied to all participants when necessary.
What is random allocation?
A procedure for putting participants into conditions by chance.
What is counterbalancing?
A procedure for evening out the order in which participants complete both conditions of an experiment.
What is random sampling?
every member of the target population has an equal chance of being chose for the experiment.
what is opportunity sampling?
people who are members of the target population and are available for the experiment.
what is systematic sampling?
every ‘nth’ member of the target population is selected for the experiment.
what is stratified sampling?
to obtain this type of sample, the different subgroups, in the target population are identified; then people are selected from these subgroups in proportion to their numbers in the target population.
what are the advantages and disadvantages of random sampling?
Advantages - No researcher bias.
Disadvantages - Time-consuming.
what are the advantages and disadvantages of opportunity sampling?
Advantages - Quick and easy.
Disadvantages - Not likely to be representative and may have researcher bias.
what are the advantages and disadvantages of systematic sampling?
Advantages - Simple procedure with no researcher bias.
Disadvantages - Sample may not be representative.
what are the advantages and disadvantages of stratifeid sampling?
Advantages - Very representative.
Disadvantages - Very time-consuming.
what is ecological validity?
The results of the investigation can be said to apply to real life.
