Research Methods

Question 1

What are the three levels of analysis?

Answer 1

Biological
Psychological
Social-cultural

Question 2

What is social psychology?

Answer 2

the study of the manner in which the personality, attitudes, motivations, and behavior of the individual influence and are influenced by social groups

Question 3

Who created operate conditioning

Answer 3

B.F Skinner

Question 4

Who was Aristotle’s tutor and believed in Dualisim?

Answer 4

Plato

Question 5

Critical thinking

Answer 5

Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and asses conclusions.

Question 6

Range

Answer 6

The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution.

Question 7

Reliability

Answer 7

The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or on retesting.

Question 8

Hypothesis

Answer 8

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory.

Question 9

Informed Consent

Answer 9

An ethical priciple that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate.

Question 10

Case Study

Answer 10

An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

Question 11

Theory

Answer 11

An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events

Question 12

Standard deviation

Answer 12

A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

Question 13

Value judgement

Answer 13

Affect how psychologists study things, what they study, and how they interpret the results

Question 14

Hindsight bias

Answer 14

The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it.

Question 15

Median

Answer 15

The middle score in a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores.

Question 16

Ethics

Answer 16

Moral principles that are socially acceptable.

Question 17

Normal Curve

Answer 17

(Normal distribution) a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean (68 percent fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes.

Question 18

What is Naturalistic observation?

Answer 18

It is the study of a subject within its natural habitat without any interfering.

Question 19

Intuition

Answer 19

The ability to acquire knowledge without interference or reason

Question 20

In a distribution, what is the most frequently occurring score called?

Answer 20

Mode

Question 21

Wording effects

Answer 21

The effects that small changes in the words/order of words has on the one being studied.

Question 22

Three Research Methods

Answer 22

Descriptive, Correlational, and Experimental are the three ?

Question 23

What is an experiment?

Answer 23

A scientific procedure done in order to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.

Question 24

Explains, organizes, and predicts behaviors or events

Answer 24

Components of good theories

Question 25

Scatter plot

Answer 25

A graphed cluster of dots which represent the values of two variables. The slope suggests the direction of the relationship between the two variables.

Question 26

Scientific Attitude

Answer 26

Curiosity, skepticism and humility.

Question 27

Intiution is?

Answer 27

​An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrast with explicit, conscious reasoning.

Question 28

​Naturalistic observation is?

Answer 28

​ Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate or control anything.

Question 29

Replication

Answer 29

Repeating the essence of a research study usually with different situations and subjects

Question 30

Culture

Answer 30

Enduring ideas, behaviors, attitudes, values and traditions shared why a group of people and passed down from generation to generation

Question 31

Operational Definition

Answer 31

A statement of the procedures used to define research variables.

Question 32

Statistical Significance

Answer 32

A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance.

Question 33

Random sample

Answer 33

A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.

Question 34

Overconfidence

Answer 34

The tendency to be more confident than correct to overestimate accuracy of our beliefs and judgements

Question 35

What group of people receive the treatment in a double blind procedure?

Answer 35

Experimental group

Question 36

What is it called when the response provided differs from the real value?

Answer 36

Measurement error

Question 37

What is the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores?

Answer 37

Mean

Question 38

What happens when mean is biased by a few extreme scores?

Answer 38

Skewed Distribution

Question 39

Debriefing

Answer 39

The process following the experiment when the researcher tells the participant more about the study and it’s meaning.

Question 40

Survey

Answer 40

A method by which one gathers data on a large group of people about their attitudes, behaviors, and experiences; which can be done three ways: Interviews, questionnaire, or a combination of the two.

Question 41

Placebo effect

Answer 41

Phenomenon in which some people experience some type of benefit after receiving the placebo

Question 42

Bias

Answer 42

Prejudice in favor or against one thing, person. Or group. Usually in a way that is unfair