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AP Psychology > Approaches to Psychology > Flashcards

Approaches to Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Who’s ideas and experiments were possibly the greatest single influence upon American psychology during the last years of the nineteenth century?

A

Sir Frances Galton

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2
Q

Natural Selection

A

A principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.

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3
Q

Name the type of psychology that emphasizes the growth potential for one’s personal growth.

A

Humanistic Psychology

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4
Q

What are the three main levels of analysis?

A

Biological, psychological, and cultural influences

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5
Q

Biological psychology

A

Study of physiological, genetic, and developmental mechanisms of behavior in humans and non-human animals

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6
Q

What Russian physiologist pioneered the study of learning?

A

Ivan Pavlov

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7
Q

The exploration of behavior and thinking through the use of experiments

A

​Experimental Psychology

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8
Q

Psychodynamic Psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders.

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9
Q

Darwinism

A

The theory of the evolution of species by natural selection defined by Charles Darwin

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10
Q

Aristotle, Plato, Descartes, Socrates, and Locke were part of what era of psychology?

A

Prescientific Psychology

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11
Q

What type of psychology is the study of an individual’s characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting?

A

Personality Psychology

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12
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of the human mind and it’s functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given text.

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13
Q

Treatment from a trained therapist using psychological techniques to help someone overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

A

Psychotherapy

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14
Q

What branch of psychology focuses on the interaction of people, machines, and physical environments?

A

Human factors psychology

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15
Q

Introspection

A

Examination or observation of one’s own mental and emotional processes

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16
Q

Cognitive Neuroscience

A

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).

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17
Q

What is the branch of psychology that studies the unconscious and how it influences behavior?

A

Psychodynamic Psychology

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18
Q

Name the study that aims so solve practical problems.

A

Applied Research

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19
Q

This man did an experiment on human reaction time and lived in 1879

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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20
Q

Aristotle

A

Student of Plato, but disagreed with dualism. Believed the mind was a blank slate that experience wrote on.

21
Q

What is basic research in psychology?

A

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

22
Q

Empiricism

A

the view that knowledge originates in experiences and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation

23
Q

Clinical Psychology

A

The branch of psychology that deals with assessing and treating mental illness and disabilities.

24
Q

How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.

A

Social-culture psychology

25
Q

Structuralism

A

An early method of psychology that engaged people to self-reflective introspection.

26
Q

Observation

A

A remark, statement, or comment based on something one has seen, heard or observed.

27
Q

Psychiatry

A

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders.

28
Q

Who was Aristotle’s mentor and believed in Dualism?

A

Plato

29
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

B.F skinner

30
Q

What type of psychology is the scientific study of human learning?

A

Educational Psychology

31
Q

What is behavioral psychology?

A

Psychology that combines elements of philosophy and methodology

32
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Founding father of psyhoanalysis

33
Q

Psychometrics

A

The field study concerned with the theory and technique of psychological mesurment

34
Q

William James

A

Born Jan 11 1842
Died August. 26 1910
The first educator to teach psychology in America

35
Q

What is natural selection

A

Gradual process by which biological traits become either more or less common in a population

36
Q

Bio psychology approach

A

General model or approach positing that biological factors

37
Q

What is the awareness and understanding of ones own thought process?

A

Metacognition

38
Q

What is social psychology?

A

the study of the manner in which the personality, attitudes, motivations, and behavior of the individual influence and are influenced by social groups

39
Q

Developmental psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive and social change throughout a lifespan

40
Q

4 objectives of psychology

A

Define, explain, predict, influence

41
Q

SQ3R

A

Survey, question, read, rehearse, review

42
Q

Functionalism

A

A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish

43
Q

Industrial-organizational psychology

A

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

44
Q

The mind and body separate.

A

Dualism

45
Q

Rene Descartes

A

René Descartes was a French philosopher, mathematician and writer who spent most of his life in the Dutch Republic.

46
Q

Cognitive psychology

A

Cognitive psychology is a subdiscipline of psychology exploring internal mental processes. It is the study of how people perceive, remember, think, speak, and solve problems.

47
Q

independent variable

A

the experimental factor that is manipulated;the variable whose effect is being effected

48
Q

experimentation:

A

a research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more to observe the effects on some behavior or mental process.

AP Psychology (4 decks)

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