RESEARCH METHODS

Question 1

Define extraneous variables

Answer 1

Any variable other than the IV that may interfere with the DV, but does not vary systematically with the IV

Question 2

Define confounding variables

Answer 2

Any extraneous variable that varies at the same time as the IV and confounds the results as it is hard to prove cause and effect

Question 3

Define demand characteristics

Answer 3

Any cue from the researcher or research situation that reveals the purpose of the experiment, may lead to a change in behaviour

Question 4

Define investigator effects

Answer 4

Any effect a researcher has on the research outcome

Question 5

Define independent groups (experimental design)

Answer 5

Participants are allocated to different groups which each experience one IV condition

Question 6

Define repeated measures (experimental design)

Answer 6

All participants experience every IV condition, usually in 2+ groups for counterbalancing

Question 7

Define matched pairs (experimental design)

Answer 7

Participants are matched on a variable relevant to the study, then one member of the pair is allocated to an IV condition, and one to another IV condition

Question 8

Define laboratory experiment (experimental types)

Answer 8

Experiment in a controlled environment where the IV is manipulated and DV is measured

Question 9

Define field experiment (experimental types)

Answer 9

Experiment in a natural environment where the IV is manipulated and DV is measured

Question 10

Define natural experiment (experimental types)

Answer 10

Experiment where DV is measured and IV changes, but IV is not manipulated by researcher and instead changes naturally e.g. Romanian orphan study

Question 11

Define quasi-experiment (experimental types)

Answer 11

Study where DV is measured, but IV is an existing characteristic of ppts that cannot be allocated e.g. neurodiversity, sex, race