Research Methods

Question 1

Hindsight bias

Answer 1

Belief that outcome was foreseeable (after it occurred)

Question 2

What is a Falsifiable theory

Answer 2

Falsifiable means you can get info that supports the theory and does not support the theory

Question 3

What should a good hypothesis include

Answer 3

1. Your variable
2. The predicted relationship between those variables

Question 4

Operational Definition

Answer 4

A description of a property in measurable terms

Question 5

Correlational Design

Answer 5

Measure how closely two variables vary together or how well you can predict a change in one variable from observing a change in the other variable

Question 6

What are the two variables in a correlational design called

Answer 6

Predictor variable

Criterion/ Outcome variable

Question 7

Drawbacks of correlational design

Answer 7

Correlation cannot infer causations

Question 8

Benefits of correlational design

Answer 8

Can sometimes be a more ethical approach

Question 9

Positive correlation

Answer 9

Both variables either increase or decrease together

Question 10

Negative Correlation

Answer 10

One variable increases when the other decreases

Question 11

Zero correlation

Answer 11

One variable is not predictably related to the other

Question 12

Variable

Answer 12

Any property with values that can vary across individuals or over time

Question 13

Albert Bandura Social learning theory

Answer 13

People learn from one another via observation, imitation, and modeling

Question 14

Experimental Research

Answer 14

To show that “X causes Y” we need to manipulate (or change the value of) X and observe it effect on y

Question 15

Benefits of experimental design

Answer 15

Can infer causation

Question 16

Drawbacks of experimental design

Answer 16

May be impractical or unethical to address certain types of research question using an experimental design

Question 17

Independent Variable (IV)

Answer 17

Factor that varied or manipulated

Question 18

Dependent variable (DV)

Answer 18

The behavior that is measured (and is expected to change as a function of change of the independent variable)

Question 19

Random assignment

Answer 19

Assigning participants to randomly experimental conditions (or levels of the IV)

Question 20

Population

Answer 20

Everyone in the group the experimenter is interested in

Question 21

Sample

Answer 21

A subset of the population

Question 22

Random sampling

Answer 22

Every person in the population has an equal chance of being selected

Question 23

Convenience Sampling

Answer 23

the sample consists of people who are conveniently available for the study

Question 24

Placebo effect

Answer 24

When receiving special treatment or something new affects human behavior

Question 25

Experimenter Bias

Answer 25

The experimenters expectations influence the outcome of a study

Question 26

Double blind experiment

Answer 26

1. The researcher is blind to the condition to the subject is participating in
2. The participant is blind to the conditions of the experiment

Question 27

Demand characteristics

Answer 27

Participants form an interpretation of the experiments purpose and subconsciously change their behavior to fit that interpretation