RESEARCH METHODS

Question 1

Experiments.

Answer 1

• Difference between 2 conditions.
• Lab, Quasi, Field, Natural.

Question 2

Lab experiments.

Answer 2

• IV and setting controlled.
  + Limits extraneous variables, easy to replicate.
• Low ecological validity, Demand characteristics.

Question 3

Natural experiments.

Answer 3

• Iv not controlled.
• Setting can be controlled/ natural.
  + High ecological validity, Less demand c.
• Ex v, Can’t replicate.

Question 4

Field experiments.

Answer 4

• IV controlled.
• Natural setting.
  + High eco .v, Less d. c.
• Ex. v, demand. c.

Question 5

Quasi experiments.

Answer 5

• IV occurs naturally.
• Usually controlled environment.
  + Ex. v.
• Random allocation not possible.

Question 6

Self-report - Questionnaires.

Answer 6

• Set of questions on a certain topic.
• Open= Invites own answer.
• Closed= Requires to select an answer. Likert scale.
  + Large sample. Quick + cost effective. Personal p.o.v.
• Social. d bias. Bias sample.

Question 7

Self-report - Interviews.

Answer 7

• Face to face questions.
• Structured= Predetermined questions, fixed order.
• Semi-structured= List of questions, can ask follow ups.
• Unstructured= Conversational, Not set, Aim to be discussed, Encouraged to elaborate and expand.

Question 8

Correlations.

Answer 8

• Relationship between 2 variables.
• Displayed on scatter graph.
• Positive, Negative, Zero.
• CORRELATION COEFFICIENT.
  
  • Positive= +1.
  • Negative= -1.
  • Zero= 0 (weak).
    + Identifies relationship/ paves for relationship, Quantitive, Objective, Easy to analyse, less bias.
• Correlation doesn’t identify causation, No cause and effect.

Question 9

Observation types.

Answer 9

• NATURALISTIC = Natural environment.
  + Eco v, social d.
  
  • Ex v
• CONTROLLED = Controlled environment.
  + Ex v.
  
  • Eco v, social d.
• PARTICIPANT = Researcher in pp group.
  + Eco v, social d.
  
  • Ethics, bias.
• NON-PARTICIPANT = Researcher not part of pp group.
  + Less bias, objective.
  
  • No insider info, social d.
• COVERT = Pp not aware.
  + social d, Eco v.
  
  • ethics, less sd.
• OVERT = Aware.
  + sd.
  
  • eco v.

Question 10

Behavioural coding system.

Answer 10

• Tally chart.
• TIME sampling = Continuous. Tally after every interval.
• EVENT sampling = Non-continuous. Tally when occurs.
• Check inter rater reliability.

Question 11

Checking inter-rater reliability.