Research Methods Flashcards
Lab studies (+) and (-)
(+) reduces EVs
(+) has standardised procedures, easy to replicate
(-) DCs present, ppl don’t behave normally, reduces validity
(-) tasks are artificial, lacks mundane realism
Field Study (+) and (-)’s
(+) reflect more real life, less DCs
(-) cannot control the EVs
(-) can’t get informed consent, ethical issues
Natural study (+) and (-)’s
(+) high in real life behaviour, ppl are behaving normally
(+) can research in areas that not ethically able to do
Repeated measures (+) and (-)’s
(+) removes ppt variables
(-) order effects (practice, boredom, fatigue)
how to overcome order effects in REPEATED MEASURES
with counterbalancing (RABBAM)
- half of the ppt should complete the conditions and the other half should complete the conditions in the opposite order
Independent group design (+) and (-)’s
(+) no order effects
(+) less DCs
(-) ppt variable
(-) need 2x ppt to complete the study
matched pairs (+) and (-)’s
(+) less ppt variable and no order effects
(-) takes long time to organise matching people on factors
matched pair study
pairs do 1 condition - allocated to a group based on a ppt variable that can influence the results, e.g. age or gender
repeated measures
all ppt recieve all levels of the IV
IGD
ppts only do one condition
Why do you need sampling methods
when doing a research we cant test everyone so we need to get a sample that represents our target population
random sampling how do
gather all the names from target pop and out it in a hat, then draw out a sample
random sampling (+) and (-)’s
(+) more representative or target population as all ppl have equal chance
(-) takes time to get all the names/a large list and not everyone will agree to it
Opportunity sample how
researcher asks ppl available at the time
Opportunity Sample (+) and (-)’s
(+) really easy to obtain sample; quick and simple
(-) not represenative of target population, harder to generalise
(-) researcher bias
systematic sampling how do
sample TP nth number and randomly select the start position
systematic sampling (+) and (-)’s
(+) reduces researcher bias
(-) takes time to set up and obtain list of TP
stratified sampling how do
ppt are selected from diffferent subgroups (stratas) in the TP in proportion to the stratas’s frequency in that population
stratified sampling (+) and (-)’s
(+) most representative of TP, researcher identifies important sub groups and makes sure theyre represented.
(-) decisions in which subgroup to use may be biased, reducing the representativeness
(-) very lengthy process and not all the ppl will agree to take part
who is BPS and what they do
british psychological society, they have rules researchers need to follow
DRIP-C
Deception - debrief at end
Right to withdraw - written in consent form
Informed consent - consent form
Psychological harm - debrief
Confidentiality - use pseudonyms
Interviews: structured
all questions same for everyone
Interviews: semi-structured
most questions set at the start but the interviewer can ask extra questions
interviews: unstructured
has starting question and the rest isn’t structured