Development Flashcards
brain stem
does the autonomic functions
- breathing, sleeping, heart rate, eating
thalamus
recieves signals from areas of the brain and sends them off where they are needed
- the body’s information relay station
cerebellum
ploys a role in co-ordination of movement
- balance, coordination, and movement
cortex
outer covering of brain and does our higher processes
- memory, thinking, learning, reasoning, problem solving
Role of nature on the brain of a baby before born
Nature refers to the argument that characteristics and behaviours are gentically influenced.
Suggests that how a babys brain develops before it is born is influened by the genes inherited from its parents.
Role of nuture on the brain development of a baby before it is born
Nurture refers to the argument that characteristics and behaviours are influenced by upbringing, environment and experiences.
Nuture suggests that how a baby’s brain develops before it is born is infleunced by the mother’s enviornment, lifestyle and experiences during pregnancy.
sensorimotor stage
(0-2) when babies understand object permanence
preoperational stage
(2-7) when kids understand how to see things from other peoples point of view
concrete operational stage
(7-11) when kids understand conservation
formal operational stage
(11+) when kids can think methodically (in a orderly or systematic manner)
Readiness (Piaget’s theory)
children cannot learn something until maturation gives them certain prerequisitcs
- teachers should take a readiness approach by presenting opportunities for the child to learn only when it was at the right stage of development
assimilation
adding to an existing schema (holding a pen similiar to holding a toothbrush)
accomodation
creating a new schema as current schemas do no fit (new way to hold a toothbrush)
Piaget’s theory: application to education
- idea of readiness
- children play an active role in education
- children grow through the stages at different rates
- Sensori: rich, stimulating environment to experiment with senses and learn motor coodination
- Preop: role play to reduce egocentrism
- concrete: concrete materials to manipulate
- formal: scientific activity to help develop an understanding of logic
Ways in whicih piaget’s theory of cognitive development could be applied to education
- suggested children should be taught in a more child-centred way in which teacher should provide materials like bulbs and wires to make a circuit and allow the child to discover the answers to problems for themselves
- Piaget suggested that teachers should take a readiness approach by presenting opportunities for the child to learn only when it was at the right stage of cognitive development like learning to conserve number before volume.
Hughe’s policeman doll study AIM
To see if children can see things from another person’s point of view at a younger age than Piaget proposed if the situation is familiar to them.
Policeman study PPT
30 children aged from 3.5 to 5 y/o
Policeman study PROCEDURE
To introduce the task, a policeman doll was placed on the model. Each child was asked to hide the boy doll from the policeman doll. A child was told if they made a mistake. Then they were allowed to try the task again. In the actual experiment, a second policeman doll was placed on the model and the child was asked to hide the boy dol so that neither of the policeman dolls could see him
Policeman doll RESULTS
90% of the children were able to hide the boy doll from the policeman dolls
Policeman doll CONCLUSION
Most children between these ages can see thigns from another persons POV so are not egocentric in their thinking.
Policeman doll EVALUATE
S: more realistic, task was more similiar to kind of problem children would encounter in daily life, made sure they understood what to do. researcher can better assess childrens real capabilities
D: researcher may of unconsciously hinted about the correct answer, gazing in a certain direction, may lack validity
D: ungen, all came from edinburgh cant gen to other cultures
Naughty teddy study AIM
To see if children developed conservation skills at a earlier age than piaget proposed if the change was accidental.
Teddy PARTICIPANTS
80 children from 4 to 6 years old
Teddy PROCEDURE
Children were shown two rows of counters. A naughty teddy would accidently mess up the counters. The researchers would ask if the number of counters change. Then the researchers would mess up the rows in front of the child. And asked the same question.