research methods

Question 1

Types of interviews

Answer 1

-structured
-unstructured
-semi structured
-group interview

Question 2

Types of observations

Answer 2

-Participant, Glasgow gang/tea room sex study
-non participant
-covert, under cover
-overt, no cover

Question 3

Types of questionnaires

Answer 3

-open ended, own words
-close ended, limited to yes and no answers

Question 4

Qualitative secondary research example

Answer 4

-newspapers
-films
-radio

Question 5

pilot study

Answer 5

-draft version

Question 6

Sampling

Answer 6

-smaller groups
-representative with cross section

Question 7

Types of sampling

Answer 7

-random sampling
-quota sampling/personal selcetion
-systematic sampling/every other nth perosn
-stratified random sampling/division based on external factors

Question 8

what is an experiment

Answer 8

-scientific approach
-rigorous
-effect of variables under controlled condition
-cause and effect relationship

Question 9

Types of experiments

Answer 9

-laboratory, controlled, Milgram 1974 obedience to authority
-Field, real life social setting
-Comparative mind of sociologists, suicide, thought about

Question 10

Primary data

Answer 10

-collected through your own data
-questionnaires, experiments and participant observation

Question 11

Secondary data

Answer 11

-already exists, collected by someone else
-official statistics

Question 12

Quantitative

Answer 12

-numerical
-scientific

Question 13

Qualitative

Answer 13

-feelings and experiences

Question 14

Why do research methods

Answer 14

-explain sociological problems
-social problems
-guide social policies

Question 15

Hypothesis

Answer 15

-direction to our research and a focus to our question
-conform or disprove
-positivism

Question 16

Aim

Answer 16

-open ended
-not tied to try and prove a statement
-interpretivists

Question 17

PET

Answer 17

-Practical: access, subject matter, time and cost
-Ethical: privacy, consent and anonymity
-Theoretical: validity, reliability, generalise, representative

Question 18

Positivists

Answer 18

-systematic collection of evidence
-quantitive
-scientific and reliable
-underlying cause of people behaviour

Question 19

Interpretivists

Answer 19

-qualitative
-in depth and valid
-people give meaning to the social world
-interactions, motives and feelings

Question 20

Sampling frame

Answer 20

-list of members of the population they are interested in studying
-Young and willmott used electoral register
-needs to be representative
-respondents, sampling frame, sample and research population

Question 21

Verstehen

Answer 21

Empathy

Question 22

field experiments example

Answer 22

Rosenhan’s Psychological study 1973
-being sane in insane places
-ethical issues
-too many variables to replicate

Question 23

Rosenthall and Jacobson

Answer 23

Pygmallion in the classroom 1968
-effect of labelling theory
-1/3 high IQ
-not representative
-ethical issue of informed consent and harm

Question 24

Venkatesh

Answer 24

gang leader for a day
-drug dealer perspective and squatters
-overt participant
-crime patterns

Question 25

British crime survey

Answer 25

-asking if members of the household had experienced crime
-structured interviews
-representative

Question 26

Debash and Debash

Answer 26

Violence against wives
-informal interviews
-people who have helped the victim

Question 27

Humphries

Answer 27

Tearoom trade
-covert participant observation
-structured interviews

Question 28

Hey

Answer 28

The company she keeps
-relationships between teenage girls through notes passed around
-biased
-lack validity about how girls really feel

Question 29

Jacobs

Answer 29

Study of suicide
-notes left by victims
-but he interpreted his own meaning
-ethical issues as they can not consent

Question 30

Aries

Answer 30

Centuries of childhood
-recent modern invention
-historically children treated like adults
-photos and painting