Research methods Flashcards
What is the scientific method?
Systematically acquire knowledge + understanding about behavior/mental processes
What are the steps in the scientific method?
1- Ask question
2- Develop possible explanation
3- Research
How do we develop explanations in the scientific method?
Hypothesis: Prediction
Operationalization: Make clear what you will be measuring
What are the types of research?
Descriptive: Case studies, naturalistic/laboratory observation
Correlational: surveys
Experimental: manipulation
What is naturalistic observation and what are its challenges?
OBSERVATION OF BEHAVIOR IN ITS NATURAL SETTING
C: observer effect, observer bias
What is structured/laboratory observation and what are its challenges?
OBSERVATION OF BEHAVIOR IN A STRUCTURED LAB SETTING
-more controlled
-more expensive
C: observer effect, observer bias
What is a case study and what are its challenges?
IN-DEPTH, INTENSIVE INVESTIGATION OF AN INDIVIDUAL OR SMALL GROUP OF PPL
- Goal is to gain insight
- Phineas Gage
C: limited conclusions, generalization not possible, no control of variables, ethics
What is correlational research?
Finding the relationship between two variables, trying to figure out if there is an association
What are variables?
Things we measure and change/vary in some way
Describe the correlation coefficient
Ranges from +1 to -1
closer to 1 or -1 = strong relationship
What does a positive correlation mean?
Both variables move in the same direction
What does a negative correlation mean?
Both variables move in opposite directions, line slants up to the right
What does a zero coefficient mean?
no relationship between the two variables, no line can be made
What is a cause-and-effect relationship?
Changes in one variable cause the changes in the other variable (only with experimental research)
What is a confounding variable?
Another factor that affects both variables
