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MY Sociology > Research Methods > Flashcards

Research Methods Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What study was conducted for NPO?

A

Willis
- Group interviews with 12 WC lads - find out how capitalism shaped their education.
- Conducted ONPO
- Allowed him to see activities of the boys firsthand (smoking, truancy, misbehaving)

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2
Q

What are the ETHICAL ADVANTAGES of a NPO?

A
  • Informed consent. Ppts aware of study, if overt. Know true nature of study. Willis’ 12 WC lads knew they were being studied (*)
  • Safer for the researcher as will not need to prove themselves to get in the group - no concerns about cover being blown.
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3
Q

What are the THEORETICAL ADVANTAGES of a NPO?

A
  • Structured. High reliability. Repeated to gain consistent results. Positivists favour.
  • Researcher not involved in group - can observe properly/objectively to gain valid data - little bias.
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4
Q

What are the PRACTICAL ADVANTAGES of a NPO?

A
  • Observation schedule - if the observation is structured, can be conducted in less time compared to a PO.
  • Usually conducted in a natural setting so easier to gain access.
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5
Q

What are the PRACTICAL DISADVANTAGES of a NPO?

A
  • Difficult gain access to certain groups (eg. criminal gangs).
  • Time consuming as takes time to observe their true behaviour.
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6
Q

What is the ETHICAL DISADVANTAGE of a NPO?

A
  • No informed consent - not reveal the true meaning of the study in order to get true, valid data.
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7
Q

What are the THEORETICAL DISADVANTAGES of a NPO?

A
  • Hawthorne effect - ppts aware being observed so may change natural behaviour - reduces validity as their behaviour is not true.
  • Whole purpose of an observation is to get involved. Watching from a distance offers no verstehen, therefore no meanings to findings. Interpretivists dislike this method.
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8
Q

What study was conducted for GROUP INTERVIEWS?

A
  • Willis used group interviews and NPO to obtain information in a small amount of time.
  • Wanted to know what impact the WC background had on education progress. Used a micro-scale using QUAL methods.
  • Transcripts showed Willis encouraged respondents to talk - largely prevented him from talking.
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9
Q

What are the PRACTICAL ADVANTAGES of a GROUP INTERVIEW?

A

Less time consuming than other interviews - handling multiple participants at once.

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10
Q

What are the ETHICAL ADVANTAGES of a GROUP INTERVIEW?

A
  • Informed consent gained by attending the interview.
  • Suitable to use with pupils to create a safe, peer environment - respond in group setting with young people they are familiar with.
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11
Q

What are the THEORETICAL ADVANTAGES of a GROUP INTERVIEW?

A
  • Build a rapport - gain verstehen. Feel more confident to give in-depth data and likely to open up. Interpretivists favour.
  • Collects qualitative data. Detailed-word based. More understanding for the subject. Throw ideas around, stimulating one another’s thinking - produces richer, more reflective data (validity)
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12
Q

What are the PRACTICAL DISADVANTAGES of a GROUP INTERVIEW?

A
  • Large group may be difficult to control and manage - especially if loud characters. May struggle to keep the group focused on discussion topic.
  • Long time to analyse the data - data from group interactions more complex and difficult to analyse - time-consuming
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13
Q

What are the ETHICAL DISADVANTAGES of a GROUP INTERVIEW?

A
  • Can be uncomfortable for interviewees to discuss sensitive issues face-to-face, especially not in front of others.
  • Peer group pressure may lead to some feeling unsafe in discussing sensitive topics and stop them from withdrawing from the interview - the group dynamic could contribute to this.
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14
Q

What are the THEORETICAL DISADVANTAGES of a GROUP INTERVIEW?

A
  • Hawthorne effect - interviewees may change their behaviour due to the group dynamics and peer pressure. Not saying what really think. May not contribute honestly. Positivists dislike.
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15
Q

Who conducted studies for UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEWS?

A
  • Dobash and Dobash
  • Dean and Taylor Gooby
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16
Q

What did Dean and Taylor Gooby conduct an unstructured interview on?

A
  • Investigated claimants’ experiences of unemployment.
  • 85 claimants interviews lasted 90 minutes
  • Questions not in a set order
  • Wording was adapted to fit circumstances
  • Inappropriate questions were taken out
  • Approach gave interviewees freedom to talk in own terms about issues
17
Q

What did Dobash and Dobash conduct an unstructured interview on?

A
  • Statistics from police court records
  • Find information about domestic violence victims
  • In-depth interviews which took 8 hours
  • Found many cases of DV occurred when women challenged male authority ‘I was trying to defend myself’
  • Marriage legitimises violence against women.
18
Q

Who conducted studies using STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS?

A
  • Young and Wilmott
  • BCS
19
Q

What did Young and Wilmott conduct a structured interview on?

A
  • Research into extended families
  • Formal and standardised structure to interview so questions were precise with a range of answers
  • Task was to ring appropriate code number opposite to the answer received
  • Each interview took between 10 minutes to 30 minutes.
20
Q

What did BCS conduct a structured interview on?

A
  • Measured crime, police recorded crime data
  • Asked members of public about their experiences of crime over past 12 months
  • Structured interviews over phone or at home
  • 40,000 households invited to take part
21
Q

Who conducted studies using LAB EXPERIMENTS?

A
  • Milgram
  • Mayo
22
Q

What did MAYO conduct a LAB EXPERIMENT on?

A
  • 5 female workers volunteered to participate - who knew Mayo was conducting an experiment
  • Mayo altered different variables such as lighting, heating, rest breaks to see the effect on the volunteer’s outputs. Output went up when he improved their working conditions - but continued to rise even when conditions worsened
  • Concluded response to changes in variables was the fact that the workers knew were being studied and wished to please him (HE)
23
Q

What did Milgram conduct a LAB EXPERIMENT on?

A
  • Volunteers
  • Electric shock
    ‘LEARNER’ ‘TEACHER’
24
Q

public statistics

A

official statistics collected to be used in polciy making - stata on birthss to help the government plan schoolplaces for the future, ofsted and department dor education use st on things such as exam results to monitor the effectiveness of schools and colleges . only the government and state can afford to conduct large scale surveys that cosut covering evetry household in the uk. costing millions

durkheim psotivist functionalist researched suicide to prove sociology was a science comnpared suicide rastes and spottered trends in european countries factors that affected suicide were marital status, children or no children, divorce but religion was a big factor - italy had lower suice rates due to being strongly catholic gave sin high too

MY Sociology (6 decks)

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