Research Methods Flashcards
What is a naturalistic observation
Watching behaviour in natural setting
What is a controlled observation
Watching behaviour within a structured environment
What id a covert observation
Participants behaviour watched without consent or knowledge
What is an overt observation
Participants behaviour watched with their knowledge and consent
What is a participant observation
Researcher becomes member of the group whose behaviour is watched
What is a non participant observation
Researcher remains outside group whose behaviour is watched
What are the 3 expermimental designs
•Independent
•repeated
•matched pairs
What is the independent group design
Different participants are used in each condition of the experiment
What is the repeated measures design
The same participants take part in conditions of the experiment
What is the patched pairs design
Pairs of participantd are matched in terms of key variables
What is a quasi experiment
A study that id almost an experiment but the iv has not been determined by anyone
What is an unstructured observation
When researcher writes everything down
What is a structured observation
Used when there is too much going on
What is random sampling
Everyone has equal chance of being selected
What is systematic sampling
When every nth member is selected from sampling frame
What is stratified sampling
Sample refects proportions of people in subgroups
What is opportunity sampling
Selecting anyone who is willing
What is volunteer sampling
Advert so people self select themselves
What is ease of sampling
How easy it is to find people to take part
What is ovserver bias
When observers wxpectations impact what they see or hear
Report writing-abstract
•includes key details of research report
•contains aims,hypothesis,method,results, conclusions
Report writing-introduction
•includes background information on research on similar topics
Report writing-method
•design(research methods)
•sample(biographical info on people involved)
•apparatus(details on any materials used)
•procedure(step by step recipe)
•ethics(ethical considerations and how they were addressed)
Report writing-results
•description of what researchers found inclues statistics
Report writing-discussion
1.summarise results in verbal form
2.discuss limitations of research
3.real life applications of what has been discovered
Report writing-referencing
•detail of source material research drew upon.prevent plagiarism
Order of referencing
1.surname
2.letter of first name
3.date
4.title
5.location
6.publisher
