Approaches Flashcards
What is introspection
Systematic experimental attempt to stufy the mind by breaking up conscious awareness into basic structures of thoughts,images and sensations
Who is Wundt
‘Father of psychology’ set up first laboratory in germany.
-involves looking into their own mental and emotionall states to gain knowledge about themselves
Emergence of psychology as a science
Watson proposed that truly scientific psychology could be observed and measured
Who is sigmud freud
Founder of psychodynamic approach,argued that behaviour is due to factors of the mind
What is the unconscious mind
Mental activity we know about
What is the preconscious mind
Memories we could be aware of if we tried
What is the unconscious mind
Memories we are unaware of
What 4 things is the unconscious mind shown through in out behaviour
•freudian slips
•creativity
•neurotic symptoms
•dreams
3 parts of the structure of personality
•ID
•Ego
•Superego
What is the ID
Primitive part of our personality that operates on the pleasure principle and gets what it wants
What is the Ego
It operates on the reality principle and is the mediator between ID and Superego
What is the superego
Our internalised sense of right and wrong which operates on the morality principle
3 defence mechanisms
•repression
•denial
•displacement
Oedipus complex
Little boys develop incestuous feelings towards their mother and a murderous hatred for their mothers rival in love
Electra complex
Girls desire their father as the penis is the primary love object and they hate their mother
Psychosexual stages
•oral
•anal
•phallic
•latency
•genital
Freuds basic assumptions
•the unconscious mind
•instincts are thought to motivate behaviour
•early childhood experiences are importnant in making us who we are
What is skinners box
Chamber used to record animal behaviour in specific time frames
What is pavlovs classical conditioning
Dogs can be conditioned to salivate to the sound of the bell
What is reinforcement
Consequence of behaviour that increases the likelihood of that behaviour being repeated
Behaviourist assumptions
1) All behaviour is learned from experience
2) study behaviour that can be observed and
measured.
3) Uses lab experiments,gain more control and objectivity
4)humans can be replaced by animals for testing purposes.
Classical conditioning process
UCS➡️UCR
NS+UCS➡️CS
CR➡️CR
Positive reinforcement
Recieving a reward
Negative reinforcement
Avoidance of unpleasant stimulus viewed as punishment
Social learning theory(SLT)
1) Behaviour is learned from the environment
2) Behaviour can be learnt directly through classical and operant
conditioning
3) Behaviour can also be learnt indirectly through observing others
Vicarious reinforcement
not experienced directly by the individual
themselves, but occurs through someone else being
reinforced/punished for a behaviour
Internal Mediational Process
1.attention
2.retention
3.reproduction
4.motivation
Cognitive approach assumptions
•The mind actively processes information
•internal mental processes can,
and should be, studied scientifically.
• Mediational processes occur between stimulus and response
•Humans are information processors and therefore resemble
computers
What is a schema
•shortcuts when interpreting large amounts of information.
•prevent us from becoming overwhelmed
What is cognitive neuroscience
scientific study of the influence of brain structures (neuro) on mental
processes (cognition).
Biological approach assumptions
• Everything psychological is at first biological
• The mind lives in the brain
•views the brain and mind as separate.
