Research Methods Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is reliability?

A

Reliability is the extent to which a test produces consistent scores over time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Validity?

A

Validity is the extent to which a test measures what it intends to measure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stratified Sampling

A

Population of interest: Primary School Pupils

3 Purposefully selected strata
An attempt to be representative
Low, middle, high income area

Randomly sample students from those three schools.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cluster Sampling

A

Population of interest: Primary School Pupils

3 randomly selected clusters

Sample all students from those three clusters.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Internal validity

A

the extent to which effect on the dependent variable are caused by the manipulation of the independent variable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

External validity

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Definition of Case Study

A

Its an in-depth investigation of a single individual group, event or community. It provides detailed insights into specific instances or phenomena.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Strength/ Limitation of Case Study

A

+ Provides detailed insights. Can study rare phenomena.
- Limited generalisability. Susceptible to researcher bias.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Definition of Observation Studies

A

Involves researchers observing and recording participants behaviour without intervening or manipulating variables. The focus us in on the understanding and describing behaviours in their natural settings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Strengths/Limitations of Observational Studies.

A

+ Captures natural behaviour.
No manipulation required.
- no causal conclusions. potential observer bias.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define Surveys and Questionnaires

A

Standardized tools used to gather information from participants about specific topics, such as their beliefs, attitudes, or characteristics.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Strengths/ Limitations of Surveys and Questionnaires

A

+ Collects data from large samples
Standardized responses
_ May have response biases
Limited depth of information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define Experimental Methods

A

May have response biases
Limited depth of information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Strengths/Limitations

A

+ Can establish causality
Controls for extraneous variables
- Can be artificial (low ecological validity)
Risk of confounding variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define Correlational Studies

A

Examine the relationship between two or more variables without manipulating any of them. They seek to understand how variables are related or associated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Strengths/Limitations

A

+ Identifies associations
Can use large datasets
- Cannot establish causation
Potential third-variable problems

17
Q

Define Repeated Measure Study

A

The same participants undergo multiple conditions or treatments, and their reactions or outcomes are observed in each.

18
Q

Strengths/ Limitations of Repeated Measures.

A

+Reduces inter-participant variability
Economical (fewer participants needed)
-Order effects
Carryover effects

19
Q

Define Longitudinal Study.

A

Track the same group of participants over a period, monitoring any changes or developments in specific variables or behaviours.

20
Q

Strengths/Limitations of Longitudinal Studies.

A

+Tracks changes over time
Can establish temporal order
- Time-consuming & expensive
Risk of participant dropout

21
Q

Define Cross-sectional Studies

A

Analyse data from participants at a single point in time, capturing a snapshot of a population regarding certain variables or behaviours.

22
Q

Strengths/Limitations of Cross-Sectional Studies.

A

+ Quick snapshot of a population
Economical compared to longitudinal
- Cannot track changes over time
Cohort effects

23
Q

Define Quasi-Experiments

A

Compare groups based on pre-existing conditions or characteristics, where the variable of interest isn’t manipulated by the researcher.

24
Q

Strengths/Limitations of Quasi-experiments.

A

+ Studies natural groups
Often more feasible than true experiments
- Cannot randomly assign groups
Risk of confounding variables.

25
Q
A
26
Q
A