Biopsych. Pre-Reading Notes

Question 1

…is a wound to the brain that results from a blow to the head.

Answer 1

Traumatic brin injury (TBI)

Question 2

The brain and spinal cord together make up the…All of the nerve fibres radiating out beyond the brain and spinal cord as well as all of the neurons outside the brain and spinal cord form the…

Answer 2

Central nervous system(CNS); Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 3

The brain has two major divisions: the…support conscious behaviour and enfolds the…, which supports unconscious behaviour.

Answer 3

forebrain;cerebellum

Question 4

A simple definition of behaviour is any kind of movement in a living organism. every behaviour has both a cause and a function, but behaviours vary in complexity and in the degree to which they are…, or innate and the degree to which they depend on…

Answer 4

inherited; learning or experience

Question 5

what is meant by the concept of embodied behaviour?

Answer 5

research on embodied behaviour proposes that we understand each other not only by listening to words, but also by observing gestures and other body language. in addition, it proposes that we think not only with silent language but also with overt gestures and body language.

Question 6

explain how inventions relying on robotics and AI mimic the behaviours of the brain.

Answer 6

Our behaviour consists of many unconscious functions that are robotlike as well as learning-dependent conscious functions that are AI-like.

Question 10

the two fields of investigation to explain phenotype are…and…

Answer 10

mendelian genetics; epigenetics

Question 12

Briefly describe how Hebb’s theory of consciousness is different from the dualist account of consciousness.

Question 13

Brain cells evolved at about the same time as…, showing that the two have a close relationship.

Answer 13

muscles

Question 14

evolutionary relationships among the nervous system of animal lineages are classified by increasing complexity, progressing from a simple…to a complex…

Answer 14

nerve net; brain

Question 15

A branching diagram that represents groups of related animals is called a…

Answer 15

cladogram

Question 16

why is the study of movement central to understanding the evolution of the brain?

Answer 16

brain size is related to new forms of locomotion and movement, such that increases in the size of the brain structures accommodate more complex movement.