Research Methods Flashcards
What are ethical issues
When a conflict arises between the rights of participants studies and the goal of the research
What are the ethical guidelines
Confidentiality
Deception(lie)
Consent
Debrief
Right to withdraw
Protection of ppts
What are the four different types of consent
Informed consent- fully aware of everything about the study
Prior general consent- ppts give their consent to take part in a number of different studies- including one involving deception
Retrospective consent- ppts are asked for their consent having already taken part. May not be aware of their participation
Presumptive consent-rather than getting consent from the ppts themselves, a similar group of people asked if the study is acceptable. If this group agrees then the consent of the original ppts is presumed
How to overcome deception
Debrief after the study is carried out
How to overcome protection of harm
Therapist on site
Psychological checked before hand
Consent
How to overcome privacy
Code names in research
Able to with draw from a study
What are observations
-non observational method
-involve watching and recording people’s behaviour
- they allow researchers to study behaviour in a controlled or natural setting
What are two observational designs
Time sampling
Event sampling
What are the types of observation
- naturalistic
-controlled
-covert
-overt
Participant
-non participant
Why do psychologists use observations
-to study behaviour in a natural setting- more realistic
-study behaviour which it could be unethical to manipulate
What is a correlation.
A mathematical technique in which a researcher investigated a relationship between 2 variables
Limitation of correlations
Doesn’t establish cause and effect
Evaluation of observations
Strengths:
- high ecological validity
Observing natural behaviour in natural setting
-practical method
Can be used when deliberate manipulation of variables is unethical and impractical
- few demand characteristics
Due to being covert, people don’t know they are being watched so won’t change
Limitations:
-extraneous variables
Little control over them do they can affect the study
- observer bias
Observers may see what they want to but can be reduced by inter-observer reliability
-replication
Lack of control means harder to replicate
-ethics
People are unaware of being observed meaning no control
