research methods Flashcards
what are the 6 types of observation?
controlled
naturalistic
overt
covert
non participant
participant
what is an overt observation?
when the participants are unaware of the observation
what is a covert observation?
when the participants are aware of the fact they are being observed.
what is a participant observation?
when the researcher emerces themselves within the study and the sample.
what sis a non-participant observation?
when the researcher takes and outside and overlook of the sample
what is a controlled experiment?
when the research takes place in an environment that can establish cause and effect. the researcher can easily manipulate the IV. (eg a lab)
what is a naturalistic observation?
when the research takes place in a socially accurate setting. (eg. a field experiment)
what is a directional hypothesis?
a hypothesis which can state which direction the results will go. This is also known as a one-tailed hypothesis.
this can only be done if there is evidence of previous research.
what is a non-directional hypothesis?
a hypothesis that states there will be a difference in the results. this is often used when the researcher has no evidence of previous research.
this is also known as a two-tailed response.
what are the 4 experimental methods?
lab
field
natural
quasi
what is a lab experiment?
an experiment that takes place in an artificial environment set up for the experiment.
what is a field experiment ?
an experiment that is not conducted inside a laboratory but is done outside in the real world setting.
what is a natural experiment?
where the experimenter cannot manipulate the IV, so the DV is simply measured and judged as the effect of an IV.
what is a quasi experiment?
they contain a naturally occurring IV. However, in a quasi-experiment the naturally occurring IV is a difference between people that already exists (i.e. gender, age). The researcher examines the effect of this variable on the dependent variable (DV).
