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Psychology > Research Methods > Flashcards

Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a covert observation? And give one weakness and one strength

A

When the participants dont know they are being watched/ studied

  • strength= stops demand characteristics
  • weakness= breaks ethical guideless and hard to do without the researcher being a participant
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2
Q

What is an overt observation? And give one weakness and one strength

A

When the participant does know that they are being watched/studied

  • strength= solves the ethical issues of a covert
  • weakness= can lead to demand characteristics
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3
Q

What is event sampling and give one limitation and one strength

A

Event sampling is creating a list of behaviours and everytime this behaviour happens you note it down

  • strength= it gives a total value of behaviour
  • weakness= it doesnt give times when the behaviour was noted
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4
Q

What is time sampling and give one weakness and one strength

A

Time sampling is recording behaviours present at set time intervals (eg every 1 min)

  • strength= it gives a pattern of data over time
  • weakness= doesnt give a total value of behaviour
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5
Q

When would you use a chi squared statistical test?

A

When we have nominal data and test of difference and an unrelated design or when we have nominal data testing association or correlation

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6
Q

When would you uae a mann whitney test?

A

Wheh we have ordinal data , testing differences and an unrelated design

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7
Q

When do you use an unrelated t-test?

A

When you have interval data , testing a dufference and an unrelated design

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8
Q

When do you use a sign test?

A

When we have nominal data , a test of difference and a related design

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9
Q

When do you use a wilcoxon test ?

A

When we have ordinal data , testing a difference , with a related design

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10
Q

When do you use a related t-test ?

A

When we have interval data , testing a difference and a related design

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11
Q

What measure of central tendancy do we use for nominal data ?

A

The mode

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12
Q

What measure of central tendancy do we use for ordinal data ?

A

The median

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13
Q

What measure of central tendancy do we use for interval data ?

A

The mean

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14
Q

What is nominal data ?

A

Set categories eg hair colour

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15
Q

What is ordinal data ?

A

Uses rankings eg 1st , 2nd

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16
Q

What is interval data?

A

Numbers , could a decimal but never 0 , eg IQ

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17
Q

What is the independant variable ?

A

What we are changing

18
Q

What is the dependant variable ?

A

What we are measuring

19
Q

What are extraneous variables?

A

Extra variables that may affect the outcome

20
Q

What type of hypothesis is one tailed ?

A

A directional hypothesis, “ will increase/ decrease”

21
Q

What type of hypothesis is two tailed ?

A

A non directional hypothesis , “ will gave an effect”

22
Q

What is a null hypothesis?

A

Where you predicted there will be no effect

23
Q

What is a lab experiment?

A

A controlled environment

24
Q

What is a field experiment?

A

A lab experiment but in natural setting

25
Q

What is a natural experiment?

A

A natural setting with a naturalky occuring IV

26
Q

What is a Quassi experiment?

A

Where the researxher cannot randomly assigned participants , or manipulate/ control the IV

27
Q

What is qualitive data ?

A

Words

28
Q

What is quantitative data ?

A

Numbers

29
Q

What is a thematic analysis ?

A

Emphasises identifiying, analysing and interpreting patterns of meaning within qualitative data ( words)

30
Q

A correlation coefficient of -1 is what ?

A

A strong negative correlation

31
Q

A correlation coefficient of +1 is what ?

A

A strong positive correlation

32
Q

A correlation coefficient of 0 is what ?

A

No correlation

33
Q

What causes a negative skew ?

A

Low value outliers , so the mean moves to the left

34
Q

What causes a positive skew ?

A

High value outliers , so the mean moves to the right

35
Q

Uses these values to decide what type of skew we will have:
Mean= 11
Median= 7
Mode= 6

A

Must be a positive skew as the mean is the largest

36
Q

Uses these values to decide what type of skew we will have:
Mean= 4
Median= 8
Mode= 13

A

Must be a negative skew as the mean is the smallest

37
Q

What is a case study?

A

An in-depth investigation, description and analysis of a single individal , group or event

38
Q

What is content analysis?

A

An indirect study of behaviour by examining communications that people produce eg in texts or emails

39
Q

What is external validity?

A

The extent to which you can generalise the findings of a study to the wider population/other people

40
Q

What is internal validity ?

A

How reliable the study is , are thr effects observed due to manipulation of the IV or othet factors eg demand characteristics

41
Q

When would you use a spearmans rho test ?

A

When you have ordinal data and a test or association or correlation

42
Q

When would you use a pearsons r ?

A

When you have interval data , and a test of association or correlation

Psychology (8 decks)

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