Research in Learning

Question 1

Reduction of Errors

Answer 1

Reduction of Error : a behavior is performed with less errors each time the behavior occurs

• Example : You scored high than you did on your first exam compared to your second; this shows that you made less errors the second time.

Question 2

Intensity

Answer 2

Intensity : the degree of effort, strength, feeling etc. that one puts into doing a behavior

• Example : In humans, this might be the confidence with which we perform; performing a new song on the guitar.

Question 3

D. Speed

Answer 3

Speed : the rate at which a behavior occurs

• Example : An 8 year old can now walk up and down the stairs much faster than when they were a toddler.

Question 4

Latency

Answer 4

Latency : the amount of time that passes before a behavior occurs

• Think of this as reducing hesitation to perform a behavior
• Example : In classical conditioning, a dog can be taught to drool to a bell almost immediately

Question 5

Rate/Frequency

Answer 5

Rate/Frequency : how often do you engage in the new learned behavior

• Example : The percentage at which women major in STEM fields

Question 6

Types of Research Designs
(AE. CS. DS)

Answer 6

1. Anecdotal Evidence
2. Case studies
3. Descriptive studies

Question 7

Anecdotal Evidence
(N. S. D. M)

Answer 7

Consist of first or second hand reports of personal experiences

1. Not enormously trustworthy reports
2. Social desirability
3. Demand characteristics
4. Misinformation/faulty memories

Question 8

Case studies
(B. LG. N. M)

Answer 8

It can be one person or a few cases that are carefully monitored and studied

1. Better info than an anecdotal study
2. Limited generalization
3. No causational analyses
4. More direct observation, but not enough.

Question 9

Descriptive studies
(T. N. C)

Answer 9

1. Typically interviews or questionnaires
2. Not testing a hypothesis; these are non-experimental in nature
3. Correlational findings at best.(predictor & criterion variables)

Question 10

Between & Within Subjects Designs

Answer 10

Between group design (Think of “Or”) : choose between two options; one or the other
Example : You choose which car to learn drive first– the Honda or the BMW

Within group design (Think of “And”(: you start by learning one options and then you learn the second option
- Example : You learn to drive a Honda first and then you switch over to learning to drive a BMW