research final Flashcards by ash box

what is a randomized process

the chances of a particular outcome occurring as the result of a random process

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what is behavior prediction

probability can say something will likely happen, but not exactly when

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what is complement

the chances a thing will not happen

the opposite of probability

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what is p-score

tells you the odds of getting a particular result

small P value = good

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P>0.10 is what

no evidence against the null hypothesis

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0.05<P <0.10 is what

weak evidence against the null hypothesis

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P<0.001 is what

very strong evidence

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what is null hypothesis

the idea your hypothesis will not work

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what is mean

the average

add them all and divide the number of items

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what is median

the middle number in a set

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what is mode

the number that appears the MOST

more useful for categorical data

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when does the normal distribution (bell curve) occur

the mean is 0

the standard deviation is 1

the scores occur 50/50 on each side of the mean

mean, median and mode are equal

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what are inferential statistics

used to make an inference about a population by measuring a part of the population

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what is confidence interval

using the margin of error

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effect size =

mean treatment - mean control
OVER
standard deviation

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what is a false positive

when the null hypothesis is falsely rejected

ALPHA

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what is a false negative

when the null hypothesis is falsely accepted

BETA

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what does correlation indicate

association only

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what does a confounding variable mean

another variable

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what is reliability

outcomes are consistent when repeated

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what is validity

measures exactly what you want them to measure

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qualitative vs quantitative

randomized controlled trial

correlation

relationship between outcomes

correlation DOES NOT MEAN causation

lit review

summarizes existing evidence on a topic a question is posed guidelines are set for what's included in interview

cross sectional

prospective cohort

case study

case cohort

concept 2 - variable types - nominal

CATEGORY yes or no dichotomous

concept 2 - variable types - ordinal

ranked order distance not equal between variables

concept 2 - variable types - interval

numbers ranked w equal intervals

concept 2 - variable types - ratio variable

what is heterogeneity

signifies diversity / variability

quantitative vs qualitative REALITY

quan: quantifiable, objective qual: based on observer, subjective

quantitative vs qualitative CAUSE & EFFECT

quan: linear qual: based on many factors, unique based on situation

quantitative vs qualitative RESEARCH

quan: reproducible, base on manipulation of variables qual: individual, based on what happens naturally

quantitative vs qualitative THE RESEARCHER IS

quan: separate from study, as objective as possible qual: intertwined in study, as objective as possible

quantitative vs qualitative PARTICIPANT SELECTION

quan: random qual: usually based on knowledge / experience

quantitative vs qualitative STUDY DESIGN

quan: can be observational/experimental, generalized to population, involves quantifiable outcomes, decided beforehand qual: open ended interviews, open ended surveys, direct observations, involves descriptions, may change as study proceeds

quantitative vs qualitative DATA

quan: numbers qual: words

where do citations go

body of paper to give credit to OG author of idea you're presenting

how to reference journal article

Last name, Initial (s). (Date). Title of article. *Title of Journal, Issue (Volume),* - *italicized* Page # - Page #. http://doi.org/number

what is a citation

is in the body of the paper and credits a quotation or idea to the author who originally wrote it citation points reader to the references

where would you include chart notes

appendices included after reference page

order of APA pages

cover abstract body (intro, methods, results, conclusion) references appendices

descriptive studies

case study case series correlational study qualitative study

what goes in the introduction of the paper

reveals purpose of the paper, starting broadly and narrows down to specific question

what goes in material and methods

outlines and how the study was carried out

what goes in results

presents key results without interpretation in an orderly, logical sequence graphs, statistics

what goes in discussion

interprets results in light of what was already known and to explain new problem

what is step 3 of evidence based medicine

appraise the evidence