Research Ethnics

Question 1

Psychological Research wants to: measure and understand people’s __ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Answer 1

true.

ex- do people act differently when others invade their personal space.

Question 2

Threats to psych research: 1. participants could __ the purpose of the study.

2. Demand __ : cues that inform a participant how he/she is supposed to behave.

Answer 2

guess, characteristics

Question 3

problem with demand characteristics: -participants will __ behave naturally.

• may cause participants to be overly cooperative
• may cause participants to do things they normally would not do

Answer 3

not

Question 4

the researchers mission: is to get people to act __ by

• minimizing demand characteristics
• concealing the __ purpose of the study
• make the experiment as similar to the real world as possible

Answer 4

naturally, real

Question 5

how to get people to act naturally (non - invasive ways)

1. provide as __ cues as possible
   - instructions often do not divulge the full purpose of the study.
   - make cues as neutral as possible
   - experimenter should act naturally
   - create experimental __: make the task so engrossing that they don’t look for cues.

Answer 5

few, realism

Question 6

how to get people to act naturally ( more __ ways)

1. unobtrusive measure
   - observing behavior __ the participants knowledge. ex hidden camera/
2. __
   - actively misleading participants about the true purpose of a study.

Answer 6

invasive, deception

Question 7

potential problem: it is easy for participants right to be violated.

• deception and influence of the research can cause participants to do things they normally wouldn’t .
• researcher can take __ of the participants.

Answer 7

advantage.

Question 8

Research ethics: the aim of research ethnics is to __ the researchers to right to study a behavior with the right of participants to be protected from abuse

Answer 8

balance

Question 9

apa principles of ethnical conduct: 1. __ participants from harm. 2. allow for freedom of choice. 3. balance power differential. 4. honestly describe __ of research

Answer 9

protect, nature

Question 10

1. protection from harm: research should not cause __ physical or emotional stress.
   ex: learning unpleasant things about ourselves, feeling duped

Answer 10

undue

Question 11

2. freedom of choice: participants have the __ to chose to be in a study

informed consent: allowing people to decide if they want to participate __ to the study

participants have the right to withdraw anyone without penalty

Answer 11

right, prior

Question 12

informed consent: describes procedure & potential risks, reinforces voluntary nature of experiment, discusses issues of ___ and confidentiality

Answer 12

anonymity

Question 13

3. Balance power differential: research has __ power than participants.
   - can lead to demand characteristics
   - can lead to abuse by researcher

Answer 13

more

Question 14

4. honestly describing nature of research : any deception must be explained by the __ of the study.
   __ - experimental interview- series of questions in which the participants __ to the study are assessed
   debriefing form- clearly stated the purpose of the study and the deception

Answer 14

end, post, reactions

Question 15

the challenge: conducting your research so that it __ demand characteristics, while still __ the rights of the participants

Answer 15

reducing, protecting

Question 16

institutional review board (IRB) – a committee that evaluates research protects that use human participants.
- studies at places that receive federal funding cannot be conducted without IRB approval.
Researches and IRB boards must weigh the costs and the costs and the benefits of all studies ___ they are conducted.

Answer 16

before.