Research Designs Flashcards
What are the 3 ‘research designs’
-Independent measures
-Repeated measures
-Matched pairs
What is independent measures?
Participants only take part in one condition of the experiment (requiring two separate groups).
How does independent measures design avoid order effects to increase validity?
One strength of independent measures is that it avoids order effects. This is a strength as the participant will not become bored or tired in the experiment therefore increasing validity.
Why do we reduce demand characteristics when using independent measures design?
One strength of independent measures is that there is less chance of demand characteristics. The participant is less likely to know the aims as they only do one condition, thus increasing the validity.
Give one weakness of independent measures design
One weakness of independent measures is that more people are needed due to separate conditions in comparison to a repeated measures design. This is a weakness as it will be more time consuming to conduct.
Give one weakness of independent measures design
One weakness of independent measures design is that there are participant variables. This is a weakness as the differences between the groups may affect the results, for example variations in age, sex or social background.
Give the AO1 for repeated measures
One group of participants take part in both conditions of the experiment.
Why is it a strength that participant variables are reduced in repeated measures?
One strength of repeated measures design is that it avoids participant variables, as compare scores from one condition to another for the same participant. This is a strength as it increases validity of the results.
Is it a strength or a weakness that in a repeated measures design less people are needed?
Why is this a strength/weakness?
One strength of repeated measures design is that fewer people are needed, as the same people can take part in group conditions. This is a strength as it is less time consuming.
Give one weakness of repeated measures
- One weakness of repeated measures is that demand characteristics are more likely as participants are involved in all conditions. This is a weakness as validity is reduced.
Give one weakness of repeated measures
One weakness of repeated measures is that order effects are more likely to occur. This is a weakness as it reduces validity.
How can we reduce the risk of order effects when using repeated measures?
Counter balancing
What is counter balancing and how does it reduce order effects?
Alternating the order in which participants perform in different conditions of an experiment. For example, group 1 does A then B, group 2 does B then A to eliminate order effects.
What is matched pairs? Give some examples of what people can be matched on.
Participants are matched in each condition for characteristics that may have an effect on their performance, e.g., IQ, age, previous test scores.
Give 3 strengths of using a matched pairs design
- matched pairs design is that it avoids participant variables, as compare scores from one condition to another for the same participant which increases the validity of the results.
- matched pairs design avoids order effects so the participant will not become bored or tired in the experiment therefore increasing validity.
- Using matched pairs design is that there is less chance of demand characteristics as the participant is less likely to know the aims as they only do one condition, thus increasing the validity.