Research Design Flashcards
Error Sources
Small sample size
defects in precision or accuracy
bias
confounding
Bias
systematic data error
To minimize Bias
proper participant selection, blinding, and randomization
Confounding
an analysis error wherein a variable that has a relationship with the other two variables is overlooked
4 Tenets of Medical Ethics
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
Autonomy
Justice
Generalizability
statistical significance and causality do not make something generalizable or a good intervention, clinical significance and the target population must also be considered
Cohort Studies
subjects are sorted into 2 groups based on differences in exposures and outcomes are measured for how many people in each group had a specific outcome at specific intervals over time
Cross-Sectional Studies
attempt to categorize participants into different groups at a single point in time
Case-Control Studies
start by identifying the number of subjects with or without a particular outcome and then look backward to assess how many in each group had a particular exposure
Selection Bias
subjects used are not representative of the target population
Detection Bias
educated professionals using their knowledge inconsistently
Observation Bias
aka Hawthorne Effect
behaviours of study participants changes because they know they are being studied
