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Research > Research Design 2 > Flashcards

Research Design 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Case study
Natural observation
Survey

A

Descriptive research design

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2
Q

Pre
True
Quasi

A

Experimental (causal) research design

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3
Q

Discover ideas and insights

A

Exploratory

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4
Q

• Flexible
• Versatile
• Often front end of total
research design

A

Exploratory

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5
Q

Methods:
• Expert surveys
• Pilot surveys
• Secondary data
• Qualitative research

A

Exploratory

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6
Q

Describe social characteristics or functions

A

Descriptive

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7
Q

Methods:
• Secondary data
• Surveys
• Panels
• Observational and
other data

A

Descriptive

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8
Q

• Marked by prior formulation of statistical hypothesis
• Preplanned and structured design

A

Descriptive

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9
Q

Determine cause and effect relationship

A

Causal

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10
Q

• Manipulation of one or more independent variable
• Control of other mediating variables

A

Causal

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11
Q

Method:
• Experiments

A

Causal

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12
Q

includes surveys and fact-finding enquiries of different kinds

A

Descriptive research

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13
Q

major purpose is description of the state of affairs as it exists at present

A

Descriptive research

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14
Q

main characteristic that no control over the variables; only report what has happened or what is happening

A

Descriptive research

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15
Q

to use facts or information already available, and analyse these to make a critical evaluation of the material

A

analytical research

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16
Q

aims at finding a solution for an immediate problem facing a society or an industrial/business organisation

A

Applied research
or action

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17
Q

mainly concerned with generalisations and with the formulation of a theory

A

Fundamental research
basic or pure

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18
Q

related to some abstract idea(s) or theory

A

Conceptual research

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19
Q

generally used by philosophers and thinkers to develop new concepts or to reinterpret existing ones

A

Conceptual research

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20
Q

relies on experience or observation alone, often without due regard for system and theory

A

Empirical research

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21
Q

data-based research, coming up with conclusions which are capable of being verified by observation or experiment

A

Empirical research

22
Q

also termed as formulative research studies

A

Exploratory research

23
Q

main purpose is that of formulating a problem for more precise investigation or of developing the working hypotheses from an operational point of view

A

Exploratory research

24
Q

The major emphasis in such studies is on the discovery of ideas and insights

A

Exploratory research

25
Q

three methods:
(a) the survey of concerning literature
(b) the experience survey
(c) the analysis of ‘insight-stimulating’ examples

A

Exploratory research

26
Q

most simple and fruitful method of formulating precisely the research problem or developing hypothesis

A

survey of concerning literature

27
Q

survey of people who have had practical experience with the problem to be studied

A

Experience survey

28
Q

The object is to obtain insight into the relationships between variables and new ideas relating to the research problem

A

Experience survey

29
Q

researcher must prepare an interview schedule for the systematic questioning of informants + interview must ensure flexibility in the sense that the respondents should be allowed to raise issues and questions which the investigator has not previously considered

A

Experience survey

30
Q

a fruitful method for suggesting hypotheses for research
particularly suitable in areas where there is little experience to serve as a guide

A

Analysis of ‘insight-stimulating’ examples

31
Q

consists of the intensive study of selected instances of the phenomenon in which one is interested

For this purpose the existing records, if any, may be examined, the unstructured interviewing may take place, or some other approach may be adopted

A

Analysis of ‘insight-stimulating’ examples

32
Q

studies determine the frequency with which something occurs or its association with something else

A

Diagnostic research

33
Q

researcher must be able to define clearly, what he wants to measure and must find adequate methods for measuring it along with a clear cut definition of ‘population’ he wants to study

design in such studies must be rigid and not flexible

A

DESCRIPTIVE
AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH STUDIES

34
Q

Flexible design (design must provide opportunity for considering different aspects of the problem)

A

Explorative/ Formulative

35
Q

Non-probability sampling design (purposive or judgement sampling)

A

Explorative/ Formulative

36
Q

Statistical design:
No pre-planned design for analysis

A

Explorative/ Formulative

37
Q

Observational design:
Unstructured instruments for collection of data

A

Explorative/ Formulative

38
Q

Operational design:
No fixed decisions about the operational procedures

A

Explorative/ Formulative

39
Q

Rigid design (design must make enough provision for protection against bias and must maximise reliability)

A

Descriptive/ Diagnostic

40
Q

Probability sampling design (random sampling)

A

Descriptive/ Diagnostic

41
Q

Statistical design:
Pre-planned design for analysis

A

Descriptive/ Diagnostic

42
Q

Observational design:
Structured or well thought out data instruments for collection of data

A

Descriptive/ Diagnostic

43
Q

Operational design:
Advanced decisions about operational procedures

A

Descriptive/ Diagnostic

44
Q

those where the researcher tests the hypotheses of causal relationships between variables

A

Hypothesis-testing research studies (generally known as experimental studies)

45
Q

Three principles of experimental designs

A

Principle of Replication

Principle of Randomization

Principle of Local Control

46
Q

experiment should be repeated more than once. Thus, each treatment is applied in many experimental units instead of one

By doing so the statistical accuracy of the experiments is increased

A

Principle of Replication

47
Q

provides protection, when we conduct an experiment, against the effect of extraneous factors by randomization

A

Principle of Randomization

48
Q

plan the experiment in a manner that we can perform a two-way analysis of variance, in which the total variability of the data is divided into three components attributed to treatments, the extraneous factor and experimental errors

A

Principle of Local Control

49
Q

Informal experimental designs

A

(i) Before-and-after without control design.
(ii) After-only with control design.
(iii) Before-and-after with control design.

50
Q

Formal experimental designs

A

(i) Completely randomized design (C.R. Design).
(ii) Randomized block design (R.B. Design).
(iii) Latin square design (L.S. Design).
(iv) Factorial designs

Research (5 decks)

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