Research Design

Question 1

Independent Variables

Answer 1

The variable that is manipulated by the researcher

Question 2

Dependent Variables

Answer 2

The variable that is measured by the researcher to determine if the independent variable has an effect

Question 3

Extraneous Variables

Answer 3

Variables that are uncontrollable

Question 4

Random Assignment

Answer 4

Providing independent variables randomly to the sample so that groups differentiate

Question 5

Random Selection

Answer 5

Random selection of the population so that there is no grouping within the sample

Question 6

Counterbalancing

Answer 6

a technique used to deal with order effects when using a repeated measures design. With counterbalancing, the participant sample is divided in half, with one half completing the two conditions in one order and the other half completing the conditions in the reverse order.

Question 7

Mundane realism

Answer 7

The degree to which an experimental setting, procedure, or task resembles real-life situations, experiences, or bx.

Question 8

Experimental Realism

Answer 8

Refers to the extent to which participants in an experiment become psychologically involved or engaged in the experimental task, procedure, or simulation

Question 9

Threats to internal validity

Answer 9

Variables that can impact the study based on the sample, population, or independent variables

Question 10

Threats to external validity

Answer 10

Variables that effect the scientific study outside the context of the study

Question 11

Factorial Design

Answer 11

An experimental design manipulating multiple independent variables simultaneously to examine their effects

Question 12

Demand Characteristics

Answer 12

Cues in an experiment revealing the researcher’s hypotheses or influencing participants’ behavior

Question 13

Latin Square

Answer 13

design used in experimental research to control for potential confounding effects of order or sequence in a study with multiple treatment conditions.

A matrix design ensuring each treatment appears equally often in each position in an experiment

Question 14

Solomon Four Square

Answer 14

Experimental research design used to assess the effects of a treatment or intervention while controlling for potential confounding factors such as a pretest sensitization and interaction effects

Question 15

Type I errors

Answer 15

False positive: rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true (assuming there is a difference, but it is actually due to error )

Question 16

Type II errors

Answer 16

False negative: accepting a null hypothesis when you should have rejected it

Question 17

Quasi experimental design

Answer 17

Interventional study used to estimate the causal impact of an intervention on a target population WITHOUT random assignment (study on interventions for pregnant women, cannot assign pregnancy)

Question 18

Interval vs event sampling

Answer 18

Internal - observer records bx or events at predetermined intervals of time, regardless of whether a specific bx or event is occurring
Event - observer records bx or events only when they occur, regardless of the time interval

Question 19

Levels of the independent variable

Answer 19

specific conditions or values that the variable can take on during the experiment

Question 20

Content Analysis

Answer 20

systematically analyze and interpret the content of textual, visual, or audio-visual data. identifying, coding, and categorizing patterns or themes within the data to uncover underlying r/s

Question 21

Protocol analysis

Answer 21

Method used to study cognitive processes by analyzing individuals verbal reports or think-aloud protocols as they engage in a task or problem-solving activity

Question 22

Cluster sampling

Answer 22

select groups or clusters of individuals from a population, rather than selecting individuals directly

Question 23

How to increase internal validity

Answer 23

Random assignment, control group, standardization, blinding, counterbalancing