Research/data collection/analysis Flashcards
Types of research (4 types)
- Experimental
- Quasi-experimental
- Pre-experimantal
- Single-subject research
Experimental research
Randomized experiments. Most rigorous.
quasi-experimental research
Uses intervention and comparison groups, but assignment to groups is non-random. Used when randomization to groups is not practical/feasible.
Pre-experimental research
contain intervention groups only and lack comparison groups (weakest)
Single subject research
Aims to determine whether an intervention has an intended impact. Most common:
- pre and post test (AKA single-case study) (AB) in which there is a comparison of behavior before and after the start of treatment
- Client used as own control
- Flexible, simple, low cost BUT often have poor external validity
Internal validity
Addresses the extent to which causal inferences can be made about the intervention and the targeted behavior. It has IV if the observed effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable are not caused by extraneous factors.
External validity
How generalizable those inferences are to the general population. Single-subject research has poor external validity.
Descriptive statistics
used to describe the basic features of data
inferential statistics
used to answer questions or test models or hypotheses
test-retest reliability
assesses the consistency of a measure from one time to another
parallel forms reliability
assesses the consistency of the results of two tests constructed in the same way from the same content domain
internal consistency reliability
assesses the consistency of results across items within a test
Errors (two types)
Type I: false positive, detecting an effect that isn’t actually there
Type II: false negative, failure to detect an effect that is actually present
