Research and Professional Ethics

Question 1

What is the first point of the Nuremberg Code?

Answer 1

Required is the voluntary, well-informed, understanding consent of the human subject in a full legal capacity.

Question 2

What is the second point of the Nuremberg Code?

Answer 2

The experiment should aim at positive results for society that cannot be procured in some other way.

Question 3

What is the third point of the Nuremberg Code?

Answer 3

It should be based on previous knowledge that justifies the experiment.

Question 4

What is the fourth point of the Nuremberg Code?

Answer 4

The experiment should be set up in a way that avoids unnecessary physical and mental suffering and injuries.

Question 5

What is the fifth point of the Nuremberg Code?

Answer 5

It should not be conducted when there is any reason to believe that it implies a risk of death or disabling injury.

Question 6

What is the sixth point of the Nuremberg Code?

Answer 6

The risks of the experiment should be in proportion to the expected humanitarian benefits

Question 7

What is the seventh point of the Nuremberg Code?

Answer 7

Preparations and facilities must be provided that adequately protect the subjects against the experiment’s risks.

Question 8

What is the eighth point of the Nuremberg Code?

Answer 8

The staff who conduct or take part in the experiment must be fully trained and scientifically qualified

Question 9

What is the ninth point of the Nuremberg Code?

Answer 9

The human subjects must be free to immediately quit the experiment at any point when they feel physically or mentally unable to go on.

Question 10

What is the tenth point of the Nuremberg Code?

Answer 10

The scientist must stop the experiment at any point when they observe that continuation would be dangerous.

Question 11

What are the five basic principles of ethics?

Answer 11

1. Autonomy
2. Non-Maleficence and Beneficence
3. Justice
4. Trust
5. Fidelity and Scientific Integrity

Question 12

Describe autonomy

Answer 12

Respect for the rights and dignity of other people.

Question 13

Describe non-maleficence and beneficence

Answer 13

Minimise the risk and maximise the benefits of the research

Question 14

Describe justice

Answer 14

The benefits and burdens of research should be distributed as fairly as possible.

Question 15

Describe trust

Answer 15

Research should never undermine the trust of the participants and the wider community place in us.

Question 16

Describe fidelity and scientific integrity

Answer 16

Poorly conducted research is unethical. Findings should be reported honestly and disseminated widely.