Research

Question 1

Step 1 of Research

Answer 1

Identify a relevant and important topic

Literature review

Question 2

Step 2 of Research

Answer 2

Develop well-considered research question.

Question 3

Step 3 of Research

Answer 3

Research question that leads to a hypothesis

Should be measurable

Question 4

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 4

predication of a relationship

expressed as more than, less than, or not equal to

Question 5

What is a null hypothesis?

Answer 5

no relationship in population of data (any difference is result of sampling error)
expressed as “Equal to”

Question 6

Step 4 of research

Answer 6

Prepare research protocol : methodology

Question 7

Step 5 of research

Answer 7

Organize methods and materials

Question 8

Step 6 of research

Answer 8

Collect and analyze data

Question 9

Step 7 of rsearch

Answer 9

Study results and make decisions

Question 10

Research report consist of…

Answer 10

Abstract
General introduction 
Review of literature
Methodology- statement of hypothesis
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Implications

Question 11

Results in a research report consist of what?

Answer 11

specific lab, clinical, objective or subjective findings

Question 12

Discussion of a research report consist of

Answer 12

interpretation of the results

Question 13

Research that does not prove a cause and effect and generates a hypothesis

Answer 13

Descriptive research

Question 14

What are types of descriptive research?

Answer 14

qualitative research
case report/case study/case series
surveys

Question 15

When data is collected through interviews, observations, questionnaires, and may have a focus group is what type of research? First hand research

Answer 15

qualitative research

Question 16

What is delphi

Answer 16

focus group

Question 17

case report/case study/case series are…

Answer 17

reports of observations on one or more subjects
observe a group with common disease/condition
measurable

Question 18

Research designed to describe and quantify characteristics of a defined population and defined time frame; pinpoints problems.

Answer 18

surveys

Question 19

What is analytical research

Answer 19

test the hypothesis, prove the cause and effect

clinical trials, follow-up studies, case-control studies

Question 20

Types of analytical research include:

Answer 20

Experimental Study
Quasi-Experimental Study
Cohort Study
Cross-Sectional Study
Case-Control Study

Question 21

Experimental Study consist of

Answer 21

test in clinical setting between experimental and control group
experimental group receives the treatment
control group receives a placebo

Question 22

What is a placebo?

Answer 22

gives the aura, but is not the actual experience

Ex. giving a control group sugar pills instead of the drug

Question 23

You know that are program is successful backed on an experimental study by

Answer 23

the experimental group has improved more than the control group

Question 24

Test design where measurements are taken before and after the program to see if there has been a change to note
“Time-series”

Answer 24

Quasi-Experimental Study

Question 25

What are cohort study?

Answer 25

cohort is when members of the group have something in common

Question 26

Cohort study are also called …

Answer 26

incidence study- tracks the frequency of new cases of a disease

Question 27

cohort study are carried on for ________ and are ______

Answer 27

a long period of time; prospective (future-orientated_

Question 28

Case control study focus on what?

Answer 28

focus on a specific disease

Question 29

Cross sectional studies deal with? They are also called what?

Answer 29

one-time data collection
takes a snap-shop look at one point in time; describe current, not past or future events
prevalence study

Question 30

Test whether the difference between the two groups are real

Answer 30

internal validity

Question 31

test whether or not a generalization can be made from the study to a large population

Answer 31

external validity

Question 32

Analysis of variance (AVOVA)

Answer 32

a tool that is used to evaluate validity

ask whether the difference between samples is a reliable one that would be repeated

Question 33

consistency or reproductivity of test results

test and retest again: can do parallel forms or split halves

Answer 33

reliability

Question 34

What does precision do?

Answer 34

measures the reliability of a test by the amount of variation that occurs randomly

Question 35

less random variation equals

Answer 35

greater precision

greater reliability

Question 36

Sensitvity

Answer 36

proportion the ppl that test positive, have the disease

Question 37

specificity

Answer 37

proportion the ppl that test negative, don’t have the disease

Question 38

Dependent variables are

Answer 38

outcomes (what stays the same)

Question 39

Independent variables are

Answer 39

what you manipulate in the study

Question 40

Treatments of diseases would be considered dependent or independent variables?

Answer 40

independent variables

Question 41

Probability sampling uses

Answer 41

randomization

Question 42

What are measures of central tendency

Answer 42

arithmetic mean
median-midpoint
mode

Question 43

arithmetic mean

Answer 43

the average

total value of all observations/specific observation number

Question 44

median

Answer 44

mid-point
arrange observations from low to high
median is the value at the midpoint

Question 45

mode

Answer 45

most frequent/repeating number/value

prediction most likely to be right

Question 46

the difference between the low value and high value is called what?

Answer 46

range

high value - low value = range

Question 47

indicates the degree of dispersion about the mean value of a distribution
presented in a graph and has a hill/slope

Answer 47

standard deviation

Question 48

68% of all observations in a normal distribution lies

Answer 48

within 1 standard deviation of the mean