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PSYC 5132 > Research > Flashcards

Research Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the SCIENTIST-PRACTITIONER model

A

Scientific research is used to inform practice and practice is investigated through scientific research

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2
Q

Describe the 5 the non-scientific ways of knowing.

A

Tenacity - superstition or habit

Intuition - not based on reasoning or inference. Eg. a gut feeling

Authority - perceived experts or respected sources

Rationalism - reasoning and inference based on what you think you already know plus new information

Experience/Empiricism - learning by doing/seeing/feeling, observing phenomena. This is susceptible to the availability heuristic

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3
Q

What is the AVAILABILITY HEURISTIC?

A

Relying on information that is easy to recall because it is readily available or somehow unusual and therefore memorable

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4
Q

What are the 8 aspects of GOOD scientific research?

A
  • Informed by the work of others
  • Replicable
  • Generaliseable to other settings
  • Based on logical rationale and theory
  • Doable
  • generates NEW questions
  • Incremental
  • is an apolitical activity (as much as it can be)
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5
Q

What is FALSIFICATION?

A

The act of showing a hypothesis to be false. A good hypothesis/research question should be able to be shown to be false (falsified).

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6
Q

What are 4 goals of the scientific method?

A

Describe
Predict
Explain
Determine cause

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7
Q

What are the two approaches to research in psychology?

A

Basic and Applied research

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8
Q

What are 4 aspects of BASIC RESEARCH?

A

Attempts to answer fundamental questions on how the world works. Eg. Cognition, emotion, motivation, personality etc

Arises from curiosity, there isn’t a specific application in mind

High levels of control

Emphasis on supporting or refuting theories

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9
Q

What are 2 aspects of APPLIED RESEARCH?

A

Address practical problems and potential solutions

Less control as they take place on the real world

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10
Q

What does a capital N stand for?

A

Total participants in a study

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11
Q

What does a lowercase, italicised ‘n’ stand for?

A

Total participants in group

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12
Q

List the 4 types of NON EXPERIMENTAL research design

A

Descriptive
Historical
Qualitative
Correlational

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13
Q

What is DESCRIPTIVE research?

A

It describes or aims to get an accurate picture of a particular situation without interventions (“as it stands”)

It serves as a base for future studies

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14
Q

What is HISTORICAL research?

A

Utilities pervious research and data already collected to investigate a phenomena

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15
Q

What is QUALITATIVE RESEARCH?

A

Looks at non-quantitative results.

Is interested in behaviour in larger contexts such as social, cultural and political

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16
Q

What is CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH?

A

Investigated relationships between selected variables

Helps to predict another event

17
Q

What is a NEGATIVE CORRELATION?

A

When one variable increases the other decreases.

The closer the correlation co-efficient (r) is to -1 the stronger the negative correlation

18
Q

What is a POSITIVE CORRELATION?

A

As one variable increases so does the other.

The closer the correlation co-efficient (r) is to 1, the stronger the positive correlation

19
Q

What are the 3 features of a TRUE EXPERIMENT?

A

Participants are able to be RANDOMLY assigned to groups

The independent variable (or ‘treatment’) is controlled by the researcher

There is control over potential causes of behaviour (extraneous variables?)

20
Q

What are the 2 features of a QUASI EXPERIMENT?

A

Participants cannot be randomly assigned to groups. The groups are naturally occurring.

They are useful when you cannot control the variable

21
Q

What is an INDEPENDENT VARIABLE?

A

x

22
Q

What is a DEPENDENT VARIABLE?

A

x

23
Q

What is a CONTROLLED VARIABLE?

A

X

24
Q

What is an EXTRANEOUS VARIABLE?

A

x

25
Q

What is a MODERATOR VARIABLE?

A

x

26
Q

What is a MEDIATOR VARIABLE?

A

x

27
Q

Describe a BETWEEN SUBJECTS research design

A

aka Independent Samples

Each group is subject to only one level of each independent variable

Eg. placebo VS treatment

28
Q

Describe a WITHIN SUBJECTS research design

A

aka Repeated Measures

All participants are subjected to both levels of the independent variable (eg. placebo & treatment)

This occurs over time

29
Q

What is a NULL HYPOTHESIS and why is it important?

A

H(0)

That there is no relationship between the variables you are investigating

30
Q

What is a HYPOTHESIS and what are it’s 6 features?

A

H(A) or H(1)

If/then statements of what you expect to see based on your preliminary research and literature review (theoretical framework)

  • Falsifiable
  • Brief
  • Statement
  • Past Tense
  • Describe expected relationship
  • can be directional or non-directional
31
Q

What is the importance of STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE?

A

It allows us to know how likely our results are to be showing effects due to a relationship between variables rather than chance

32
Q

What is a P VALUE?

A

X

33
Q

What is a POPULATION?

A

Everyone in a group that exists

The collection of units you want to generalise your research findings to

34
Q

What is a SAMPLE?

A

Everyone in a group that has been studied

A smaller selection of observations from the population that is used to infer characteristics about the population

35
Q

What is RANDOM SAMPLING?

A

Where you have access to the whole population and are able to select participants at random

NOT required for a true scientific experiment
(But is better practice)

36
Q

What is RANDOM ALLOCATION?

A

Where participants in a study/sample are able to be randomly assigned to groups/levels of variables in the study.

The groups are not naturally occurring (eg disease/no disease, male/female etc)

IS required for a true scientific experiment

PSYC 5132 (7 decks)

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