Ethics

Question 1

What code governs psychological research ethics in Australia?

Answer 1

The National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research

Question 2

What are the 3 things researchers must do?

Answer 2

1. Treat human research participants with respect and in a way that maintains their rights and dignity
2. Care for the welfare of animals when they are the subject of research
3. Be scrupulously honest in the collection and treatment of data

Question 3

What is the difference between anonymity and confidentiality for participants in research studies?

Answer 3

Anonymity means that the information given can not be linked to the participant.

Confidentiality means that the information can be linked to a participant but has been de-identified.

Anonymity makes it difficult for a participant to withdraw their data from a study.

Question 4

What is the code that governs animal research in Australia?

Answer 4

The Australian code for the care and use of animals for scientific purposes

Question 5

What are the 2 major types of scientific fraud?

Answer 5

Plagiarism

Fraud/Falsifying data

Question 6

What are the 4 principles in ethical research

Answer 6

Beneficence: do the outcomes justify the risks?

Autonomy: respecting the free will and rights of informed consent, deception

Justice: quite, fairness in recovering the benefits of research as well as burdens of accepting risks

Confidentiality: safeguards client/participants information

Question 7

What is risk?

Answer 7

A potential for harm, discomfort or inconvenience. The likelihood a harm will occur, and the severity of that harm, including its consequences.

Question 8

What are the types of risks?

Answer 8

Physical Harm

Stress (Psychological Harm)

Social Harm

Financial Harm

Loss of Privacy and Confidentiality

Question 9

What are the benefits of participating in research?

Answer 9

Educational

Treatment for psyc or medical condition

Material benefits (incentives)

Personal satisfaction

Benefits to society at large (beneficence)

Question 10

Define DEONTOLOGY and UTILITARIANISM and explain the difference between them

Answer 10

Utilitarianism is concerned with the most good for the most amount of people as an outcome. A critique of it is that sometime outcomes are difficult to predict precisely especially over time, and that any number of acts could be justified through this reasoning.

Deontology focuses on the intrinsic ethical value of an act in and of itself.

Utilitarianism focuses on the OUTCOME whereas deontology focuses on the ACT