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Boards Review - Non Systems > Research > Flashcards

Research Flashcards

1
Q

Nominal

A

Name

Mutually exclusive ie type of arthritis, blood type

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2
Q

Ordinal

A

Ranking

Ie MMT, assistance level, pain, joint laxity

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3
Q

Interval

A

Intervals are equal
NO true zero
Degrees, functional status test

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4
Q

Ratio

A

Intervals equal
TRUE zero
ROM, distance, height, etc

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5
Q

Alternate forms reliability

A

Consistency of measurements obtained from a different form of test.

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6
Q

Internal consistency

A

Items or elements reflect one basic phenomenon or dimension

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7
Q

Intrarater

A

Same person over time

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8
Q

Interrater

A

agreement of measures made by More than one person

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9
Q

Test-rest reliability

A

Consistency of repeat measures

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10
Q

Face validity

A

Does it test what it’s supposed to

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11
Q

Content validity

A

Does it reflect the content domain of interest and not extraneous elements?

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12
Q

Construct validity

A

Degree to which theoretical construct is measured

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13
Q

Criterion-related validity

A

Validity when compared to “Gold standard”

Includes: concurrent, predictive and prescriptive validities

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14
Q

Concurrent validity

A

Type of criterion-related

Comparing measurement to a gold standard at the same time

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15
Q

Predictive validity

A

Type of criterion related

Measurement valid because it is predictive of future behavior

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16
Q

Prescriptive validity

A

Type of criterion related

Suggests form of tx a person should receive

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17
Q

Sampling error

A

Chance between statistic calculated from sample and true parameter in population

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18
Q

Probability sampling

A

Random selection. Each members has same chance of getting picked
Includes: simple random, systemic, stratified random, cluster

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19
Q

Simple random sampling

A

Type of probability sampling

Subjects have equal chance of being selected

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20
Q

Systematic sampling

A

Type of probability sampling

Taking every nth subject

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21
Q

Stratified random sampling

A

Type of probability sampling

Population decided into strata then simple random sample from each

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22
Q

Cluster sampling

A

Type of probability sampling

Decided into clusters (geographic) and random sample from each

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23
Q

Non-probability sampling

A

No random selection

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24
Q

Convenience sampling

A

Type of non-probability

Subjects who are readily available

25
Purposive sampling
Type of non-probability | Deliberately selected based on predefined criteria
26
Quota sampling
Type of non probability | Similar to stratified random, but subjects from subgroups are not random
27
Snowball sampling
Type of non probability | Subjects ID by asking existing subjects to ID names of other potential participants
28
Single blind
Subjects blinded
29
Double blind
Subjects and researches
30
Triple blind
Subjects, researchers, fatal analyzers
31
Active control
Known effective form of tx as control
32
Placebo control
Inactive substance that looks same as tx | Unethical to use if effective treatment is available as active control
33
P value
Probability that a particular statistic result could have happened by chance
34
P is smaller than alpha
Reject the null hypothesis
35
P is larger than alpha
The null hypothesis is not rejected
36
Alpha level
Significance level | Probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true, or chance of Type 1 error
37
Type 1 error
Alpha error Wrongly rejecting null hypothesis Concluding there is a difference when there is not (false positive)
38
If alpha set at 0.01
There is a 1% chance of a type 1 error occurring
39
Type II error
Beta error Wrongly deciding not to reject the null Concluding there is no difference or relationship when there is (false negative)
40
Normal distribution
Bell shaped | Mean, median, mode are the same
41
Normal distribution- % of all values within 1 SD Above and below mean
68%
42
Normal distribution- % of all values within 2 SDs above and below mean
95%
43
Normal distribution- % of all values within 3 SDs above and below mean
99%
44
Mean and medial to left of mode
Negatively skewed | Left tail is elongated
45
Mean and median to right of mode
Positively skewed | Right tail is elongated
46
Coefficient of variation
Ratio of SD of a distribution to mean | CV = (s/ mean)*100
47
Standard deviation
Square root of variance
48
Bar graph
Magnitude or frequency of categories | Length of bar is proportional to magnitude or frequency
49
Box and whisker plot
Illustrates the distribution of values within a group through 5 numbers with outliers shown as circles
50
Numbers in box and whisker plot
``` Minimum score Lower quartile (q1) Median (q2) Upper quartile (q3) And maximum score ```
51
Histogram
Displays distribution by plotting frequency (y axis) for each interval represented (x axis).
52
Line graphs
Relationship between variables with dependent on y axis and independent on x axis Idea for showing trends in data over time
53
Scatter plot
Relationship between two quantitative variables | Line of best fit generated to show relationship
54
Sensitivity
Percentage of people who test positive for disease amount people who have the disease -airport metal detectors
55
Specificity
Percentage of people who test negative for a specific disease among group of people who do not have it -airport pat down
56
Incidence
Number of new cases in the population at risk during specified Tim interval
57
Prevalence
Number of existing cases at a point in time including new and pre-existing
58
Relative risk
Measure of risk of certain event happening I one group compared to risk of same happening in another RR 1.0 means that is is equally probable in both groups. Greater than one implies increase, less than one implies decrease risk
59
Odds ratio
Measure of odds of event happening in one group compared to odds of same event happening on other group (usually case control for exposure) 1.0 means exposure probably does not increase risk >1 means may increase risk <1 means may reduce risk

Boards Review - Non Systems (5 decks)

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