Research Flashcards
Evidence Based Practice (EBP)
Client perspectives
Clinical expertise
Evidence (external and internal)
Validity
how accurately does the test represent the skill you want to assess
Face validity
Based on a person’s judgment of how well a test appears to accomplish its purpose (informal approach)
Content validity
relevant and appropriate for age/ population
Criterion validity
compare assessment to another measure assessing the same skills
2 types of criterion validity
Concurrent
Predictive
Concurrent validity
happening at the same time (administer 2 testes to same group of test takers within a short span of time)
Predictive validity
if test can predict scores on the same skills in the future (ex: measure at 3 years old and predict what scores will be at 4 years old)
Construct validity
Our theory/understanding of what the skills are that we want to measure (Ex: What aspect of skills would you need to measure to understand someone’s gross motor skills- don’t just measure what the arms can do, but measure all aspects)
2 types of construct validity
Convergent
Divergent
Convergent validity
assume scores will be similar amongst subtests assessing the same skill (ex: all subtests assessing receptive skills should be similar to each other)
Divergent validity
don’t assume scores will be similar amongst subsets assessing different skills (ex: expressive and receptive language subtest scores may not be similar)
Reliability
Consistent, repeatable, accurate results
Test/ retest reliability
test same group at 2 different times, same examiner
Inter-observer/ inter-rater
test same group at 2 different times (close together), different examiners
Parallel forms reliability
2 different forms measuring same skills should yield similar result
Split half reliability
administer test, split test items into 2 equivalent forms (ex: split test into even and odd numbered items)
Empirical research
Gathering own data, can be experimental or non-experimental
Non-experimental research
- Case studies
- Survey
- Studies of correlation between measures
- Studies of pre-existing differences
Experimental research
- Manipulated variable
- Independent vs. dependent variable
- True experiment= random assignment
- Single subject design
Non-empirical research
Looking at existing information, not collecting new data from research participants
Types of non-empirical research
- Narrative review: less formal, useful for obtaining a broad perspective on a topic
- Systematic review: structured, articles will have a methods section
Meta analysis
- Type of systematic review
- Collection of research studies, pull data from all articles
True experimental designs
- Post test only
- Pretest-post tests
- Switching replication
- Factorial (observe, treatment of diff levels, observe)
