Research

Question 1

What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative research?

Answer 1

Quantitative: outcomes or intervention research answers questions about effectiveness of harm . Deals with numbers or statistics.

Qualitative: questions exploring perceptions, feelings, and experiences are best answered through this method.

Question 2

what are randomized controlled trials?

Answer 2

investigators have no control over who is placed in the intervention group versus the control group. Can be unethical in some situations.

Question 3

What is a cohort design?

Answer 3

at least two groups are compared before and after one group receives an intervention.

Question 4

What is participatory action research?

Answer 4

action-oriented research in which the researchers and participants are partners in developing the question, intervention, and evaluation. Helps to ensure that the group under study gets the questions that are most important to them asked and answered and that the information is immediately usable for them. Critical to ensuring ethical conduct.

Question 5

What is mixed methods research?

Answer 5

Include both qualitative and quantitative methods, either concurrently or sequentially.

Question 6

What is an intervention study?

Answer 6

Treatment of prevention. Depends on the quality of the study decision and your confidence in the findings.

used to determine the effectiveness of an intervention or the effectiveness of a health service delivery

Question 7

What is the significance of confidence intervals?

Answer 7

Confidence intervals are a range of values with a specified probability - generally 95% - of including the true effect, which can never be known absolutely. Wide CIs indicate less precision in the estimted effect of the intervention.

Question 8

What is a systematic review?

Answer 8

a summary of research evidence that relates to a specific question. It could involve causation, diagnosis, or prognosis, but more frequently involves effectiveness of an intervention.

Question 9

What is a meta analysis?

Answer 9

kind of systematic review in which the quantitative results of several studies are combined to get an overall summary statistic that represents the combined effect of the intervention accord different study populations.

Question 10

What is relative risk (RR)?

Answer 10

probability of event occurring in exposed (intervention) group divided by probability of event occurring in non exposed (control) group

Question 11

What is odds ratio (OR)?

Answer 11

describes the likelihood of a participant in the experimental group having an event, divided by the likelihood of a participant in the control group having the event.

Question 12

What is the difference between phenomenology, grounded theory, and ethnography?

Answer 12

Phenomenology: seeks to describe the lived experiences of people

Grounded theory: generates theories or models of the phenomena being studied

Ethnography: describes a culture and answers questions

Question 13

What does a RR or OR of less than 1 mean?

Answer 13

One would consider an RR or OR of less than 1 representing a beneficial treatment.

Question 14

What is the order of 6S pyramid (bottom to top)?

Answer 14

• single studies
• synopses of single studies
• syntheses
• synopses of syntheses
• summaries
• systems

Question 15

What is the significance of the 6S pyramid?

Answer 15

guide to help find the best available research evidence quickly and efficiently.

The higher levels of the pyramid represent more synthesized evidence.