Research

Question 1

Cognitive Experiment types Lab and field

Answer 1

Lab- special environment, variables tightly controlled, Iv directly manipulated by researcher and other variables controlled, ppt can randomly be allocated to control or experimental conditions, ppt aware they’re taking part in study but may not knownajm overt

Field- natural environment, Iv deliberately manipulated and dv measured but not as highly controlled, higher effect of extraneous variables, covert

Question 2

Lab experiment eval

Answer 2

High levels of control
high replicability

lacks egological validity
artificial
higher chance of ppt effects

Question 3

Field experiment evaluation

Answer 3

Cause and effect
high levels of ecological validity
less demand characteristics

less control over extraneous
more time consuming
random allocations to conditions are difficult

Question 4

define Repeated measures and independent measures

matched pair

Answer 4

same ppt in each condition

different ppt in each condition

different ppt but are matched on age gender sex iq

Question 5

What are order effects

Answer 5

practice effect- do better as they know what to do in second condition
fatigue - do worse because they are tired in second condition
repeated measures

Question 6

Counterbalancing

Answer 6

deals with order effects

sample divided in half , one half completes condition in one order and the others in the reverse

Question 7

What are situational variable and ppt variable , experimenter effects and demand characteristic

Answer 7

connected w research situation for example temp, time of day, materials

characteristic of individual affecting findings
age intelligence motivation gender experience

interpret things to favour argument, may influence answers, presence of observer in naturalistic observational studies

ppt guess aim and try act accordingly
act nervous, social desirability, guess purpose

Question 8

How to counter experimental variables

Answer 8

situational- standardised procedures and same instructions
ppt variable- matched pair design
demand- a single blind procedure ( don’t know hypothesis or procedure)
investigated- double blind ( ppt and researcher don’t know hypothesis and procedure)

Question 9

Reliability

Answer 9

two or more measurements consistent w eachother

Question 10

validity

Answer 10

whether study measures behaviour it intends to

Question 11

construct validity

Answer 11

degree to which test or instrument is capable of measuring the aim

Question 12

What is nominal data

Answer 12

data forms discrete categories like hair colour

Question 13

ordinal data

Answer 13

measurement where numbers are ranking rather than scores

attractiveness from 1-5

Question 14

interval/ratio data

Answer 14

individual score for each ppt is gathered and score can be identified using scale with equal distances

Question 15

open ended q eval

Answer 15

difficult to analyse qualitative so could be subjective and interpreted differently
don’t not restrict range of available answers

Question 16

close ended q

Answer 16

limits answered

quantitive data

Question 17

Correlation strength

Answer 17

relationship between two variables
indicates strength and direction of relation in expression of correlation coefficient

allows researchers to statistically analyse situations that could not be manipulated ethically or for practical reasons
allowing researchers to unravel complex relationships.

Question 18

Correlation weaknessss

Answer 18

do not establish cause and effect only relationship

non linear relationships cannot be measured

Question 19

predictive validity

Answer 19

extent to which results and conclusions can predict real life

Question 20

internal vs external validity

Answer 20

internal
whether results obtained are effected by variable being manipulated in cause and effect relationship
(IV)
External
extent to which results can be generalised to other settings

Question 21

Adoption study