res eng 1 Flashcards
Reservoir simulation has been practiced
since the beginning of petroleum
engineering in
1930’s.
Before 1960-Analytical methods
zero-dimensional material balances, and
one-dimensional (1 D) Buckley-Leverett
calculations
predictive
method that evolve from computer
programs that allow solutions of
large sets of finite-difference
Simulation
Depletion
Pressure maitenance
Conventional
Miscible flooding
Chemical flooding
CO2 injection
Steam or hot-water flooding
In-situ combustion
Enhance
Intuition and
Judgment
Complex
mathematical
models
Digital computers
The tools of Reservoir
Simulation
1.(a laboratory sandpack)
2.(model is simply a set of equations
that, subject to certain assumptions,
describes the physical processes active
in the reservoir)
Physical
Mathematical
The results gain in cells and timestep is
the saturation and pressure
distribution at various time
Model is usually compose of
grid system
(cells or
gridblocks).
To run a model,
we must perturb the system
and select a time intervals
(timestep).
Types of Models
One-dimentional horizontal
One-dimentional vertical
Areal (two-dimentional)
Cross-sectional (two-dimentional)
Three-dimentional
sed to define a bottom water drive
Determine aquifer activity
Yield an accurate material balance
Serve as a screening tool prior to a large complex
study
Gravity drainage simulation
Sensitivity studies:
Effect of vertical permeability
Injection rate
Relative permeability
Residual oil saturation
Reservoir size
One Dimensional Model
Two types: Areal model-used
Cross-sectional model-used
Two Dimensional Model
used if there is very little movement of fluids.
Areal model
used to simulate a sliced field.
Cross-sectional model
Cartesian model
Radial model
Three Dimensional Model
Referred to as “conning”models
Radial model
Used when fluid migration is expected parallel to
the strike of a thick steeply dipping bed.
Cartesian model
similar to black oil model
in dimension and solution technique.
Compositional Simulator
consist of three phase flows:
oil, gas and water
Black Oil (Beta) models
Is current in pressure and solves for saturations after
pressures are known.
IMPES(Implicit pressure, explicit saturation)
Solves for both pressure and saturations simultaneously.
Fully Implicit formulation
Length
Width
Thickness
Porosity
Absolute permeabilities (directional)
Elevation
Pressure(s)
Saturations
Cell location dependent
Relative permeability
Capillary pressure
Saturation dependent
