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Exotics > Reptile and Amphibian Anatomy > Flashcards

Reptile and Amphibian Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The vomeronasal organ allows animals to

A

follow scents

The vomeronasal organ is an accessory olfactory organ that receives particles from the tongues of snakes and some lizards. Ground movements, low-pitched sounds, and night vision are not regulated or related to the vomeronasal organ.

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2
Q

all adult amphibians are

A

carnivores

Reptiles can be carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores. The theoretical hydrovore would exist on water only. There are no reptiles or amphibians that are hydrovores.

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3
Q

Ecdysis is under the control of the

A

thyroid gland

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4
Q

Spurs on pythons and boas are vestigial

A

pelvic limbs

Spurs are found on either side of the vent and are used in courtship behavior. Snakes lack pectoral limbs, shells, and wings.

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5
Q

The three sections of the reptilian spinal column are

A

presacral, sacral, and caudal.

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6
Q

Exuvia is a product of

A

shedding skin

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7
Q

Gas exchange in a herptilian lung occurs in the

A

faveoli.

Faveoli are similar to alveoli except they are fixed structures that don’t expand or contract as do alveoli. Herptilian lungs do not have alveoli. Air sacs are used for air storage, not gas exchange.

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8
Q

How many toes does a gecko have on each foot?

A

5

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9
Q

Which reptiles do not have external ear openings?

A

snakes

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10
Q

Snake and lizard skulls are made for ingestion of large prey because they lack

A

mandibular symphyses.

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11
Q

The reptilian heart is composed of

A

two atria and one ventricle.

The one ventricle acts as a four-chambered heart. The other three choices are not viable configurations.

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12
Q

The crocodilian heart is different from the mammalian heart in that it has

A

2 aortas.

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13
Q

Which reptiles have a tapetum?

A

crocodiles

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14
Q

Which reptiles have complete tracheal rings?

A

chelonians

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15
Q

What type of tooth, found in lizards, does not grow back if it is lost or broken?

A

acrodont

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16
Q

Which reptiles have no teeth?

A

chelonians

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17
Q

The keratinized beak of turtles and tortoises is called a/an

A

tomium

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18
Q

Some species of __ require a diapause during incubation for the embryos to develop normally and proceed to hatching.

A

turtles and tortoises

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19
Q

Some species of __ require a diapause during incubation for the embryos to develop normally and proceed to hatching.

A

turtles and tortoises

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20
Q

Blood levels of __ are higher than normal in reptiles during vitellogenesis.

A

calcium

21
Q

The type of lung structure found in turtles, lizards, and crocodilians is

A

multicameral.

Multicameral means the lung is divided into many compartments and has intrapulmonary bronchi. Paucicameral lungs have characteristics of both unicameral and multicameral lungs. A unicameral lung is a simple saclike structure with features of both lung tissue and air sacs. There is no tricameral lung structure. It would be a three-chamber lung.

22
Q

Which group of animals does not have true eyelids but instead has spectacles?

A

snakes

23
Q

Blood is most frequently drawn from the __ of a snake.

A

ventral coccygeal vein

24
Q

Crocodilians rely on the __ to determine the sex of the hatchling.

A

temperature

25
Q

The bony plates found within the dermis of some lizards and crocodilians are called

A

osteoderms

The bony plates within the dermis of some lizards and crocodilians are called osteoderms. They provide protection. Instead of eyelids, snakes have modified scales that cover the eyes; these scales are called the spectacle, or brille

26
Q

Snakes have modified scales called __ instead of eyelids that cover their eyes.

A

brilles

27
Q

The largest white blood cell in reptilian blood is the

A

monocyte

28
Q

In which animal could the jugular vein be an option for venipuncture?

A

tortoise

29
Q

Heterophils in reptilian blood are analogous to __ in mammalian blood.

A

neutrophills

30
Q

The pigment-containing cells that allow some herptiles to change their skin color are called

A

chromatophores.

Chlorocytes are “green cells.” Clorophores are cells that contain green. Chromatocytes are pigmented cells.

31
Q

Most frogs and toads are

A

oviparous

32
Q

When a herptile goes into brumation, its

A

activity level drops until the POTZ (preferred optimal temperature zone) is restored.

33
Q

Which chamber of the cloaca is the most caudal?

A

proctodeum

The coprodeum receives the rectum. The urodeum is where the urogenital openings, urethra, and some male reproductive organs are found. There is no colodeum.

34
Q

Which chamber of the cloaca is the most caudal?

A

proctodeum

The coprodeum receives the rectum. The urodeum is where the urogenital openings, urethra, and some male reproductive organs are found. There is no colodeum.

35
Q

Ecdysis in snakes is preceded by

A

opacity of the brille and dulling of skin color.

36
Q

Because amphibians and reptiles are generally not able to generate their own body heat, they are referred to as

A

ectothermic

37
Q

Vitellogenin is produced by the reptilian

A

liver

38
Q

In snakes the ureters empty into the

A

urodeum

39
Q

Which amphibians are capable of prolapsing their stomachs to empty and clean them?

A

frogs and toads

40
Q

The columella is the __ in amphibians and reptiles

A

middle ear bone

41
Q

Dysecdysis is

A

abnormal skin shedding

42
Q

Hemipenes are found in

A

snakes and lizards

The hemipenes are the sex organs of snakes and lizards. Crocodiles, alligators, turtles, and tortoises have a phallus. Frogs and toads don’t have a penis.

43
Q

The iris of reptiles is made up of

A

skeletal muscle

44
Q

Because of an absence of __ vocalization in herptiles is limited.

A

vocal cords

45
Q

In male reptiles the ductus deferens leads from the testes to the

A

urodeum.

46
Q

The amphibian heart is similar in structure to that of a/an

A

snake

47
Q

A turtle suffering from squamous metaplasia has a diet deficient in

A

Vit A

48
Q

Which animal can lose its tail through tail autonomy?

A

lizard

Exotics (5 decks)

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