Reproductive Technologies Flashcards
What is reproduction technology?
Artificial methods of reproduction, usually involving medical procedures, primarily used to address infertility.
What is artificial insemination and what are the two ways it can be performed?
Artificial insemination is a method of assisted reproduction in which sperm is placed into a woman’s reproductive system. The two ways are: Intrauterine insemination (IUI) and Intravaginal insemination (IVI).
What is In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and what are the main steps involved?
IVF is a method of assisted reproduction in which eggs are extracted, combined with sperm outside the body, and the resulting zygote is implanted in the uterus. Main steps: hormone therapy, egg extraction, sperm donation, fertilization in a petri dish, and blastocyst insertion.
Q: What is surrogacy and when is it used?
Surrogacy is a method of assisted reproduction where a woman carries a baby for another couple. It is used when the female has fertility problems.
What is Spina Bifida and how can it be detected?
Spina Bifida is a neural tube defect that occurs due to incomplete closing of the spine and membranes around the spinal cord. It can be detected by amniocentesis and high levels of AFP.
What are the different categories of birth control methods?
- Abstinence
- Contraception (hormonal contraceptives, or barrier methods)
- Sterilization (Vasectomy & Tubal Ligation)
- Contraceptive Sponge
- Spermicide
- Contragestion (IUDs or post-coital birth control)
What is the difference between Copper Containing and Hormone Containing Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)?
Copper Containing IUDs create an inflammatory reaction toxic to sperm, do not contain hormones, and can be used for up to 10 years. Hormone Containing IUDs release synthetic progesterone, thicken cervical mucus, and can be used for 3-7 years.
What is RU 486 (mifepristone) and how does it work?
RU 486 is a medication used to terminate an early pregnancy. It works by blocking progesterone and causing the uterus to contract and expel the embryo.
What is Plan B (Morning After Pill) and when should it be taken?
Plan B is an emergency contraception used to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure. It should be taken as soon as possible but no later than 72 hours after unprotected sex.
What is castration, and why is it done in domestic animals and livestock?
Castration is the removal of testes or ovaries, causing sterility. In domestic animals, it’s done to prevent unwanted reproduction and reduce aggressive behavior. In livestock, it’s done to increase growth, weight, and improve meat quality.
What is abortion?
Abortion is the removal or expulsion of a fetus or embryo from the uterus.
What are the two main types of abortion?
The two main types of abortion are: medical abortion (using medications like RU 486) and surgical abortion (involving a procedure to remove the embryo or fetus).
What is the purpose of prenatal testing?
The purpose of prenatal testing is to assess the health and development of a fetus during pregnancy, detect potential problems or complications, and allow for early intervention or informed decision-making.
What is an amniocentesis and why is it performed?
Amniocentesis is a prenatal test in which a sample of amniotic fluid is extracted to analyze the baby’s chromosomes and detect genetic disorders. It is performed to identify conditions like Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and spina bifida.
What is chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and why is it performed?
CVS is a prenatal test in which a sample of chorionic villi (tissue from the placenta) is collected to analyze the baby’s chromosomes and detect genetic disorders. It is performed to identify conditions like Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and other chromosomal abnormalities.
