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Kidney And Reproductive System > Reproductive Systems > Flashcards

Reproductive Systems Flashcards

1
Q

……gonads of the male. Composed of structures called ….?

A

Testes
Interstitial cells / aka cells of Leydig / , seminiferous tubules / aka sertoli cell /

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2
Q

Aka cells of Leydig ?

A

Interstitial cell

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3
Q

Aka sertoli cell ?

A

Seminiferous tubule

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4
Q

Which cell produced by the Androgens?

A

Interstitial cell

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5
Q

Androgen production by the

A

Regulated by Gonadotropin-releasing hormone GnRH, Luteinizing Hormone LH.

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6
Q

Seminiferous tubules contain which cells ? What is action of this cells?

A

Sustentacular cells perform spermatogenesis /sperm/. Spermatogenesis involves the process of meiosis.

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7
Q

What is function of the epididymis ?

A

To store and protect spermatozoa and stimulates their maturation and mobility.

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8
Q

Ductus deferens length

A

16-18 inch

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9
Q

Vasectomy

A

Cutting and ligating of the ductus deferens, 100% effective birth control

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10
Q

Sperm can stored in

A

Ductus deference in several months

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11
Q

Sperm pathway

A
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12
Q

Seminal vesicles contains

A
  1. Fructose
  2. Prostaglandins
  3. Fibrinogen
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13
Q

Which gland is produced the prostatic fluid ?

A

Prostate gland / prostatic fluid has slightly acidic solution 20-30% semen/

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14
Q

Prostatic fluid has ……… , which may help ……?

A

Seminalplasmin-an antibiotic, help prevent UTI in the male

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15
Q

Bulbourethral glands other name ?

A

Aka Cowper’s glands
Produce the thick alkaline mucus secretion, which is used to neutralize any urinary acids in the urethra and lubricate the tip of the penis during intercourse.

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16
Q

Male urethra has …. Regions ?

A
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17
Q

Lump palpated in the breast, could be benign / fibrocystic or fibroadenoma, breast cancer/ ?

A

Breast nodule

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18
Q

Dimpling ?

A

Puckering or retraction of skin on the breast, suggest malignancy

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19
Q

A late sign of breast cancer, thickening and pitting of breast skin / resembles an orange peel / ?

A

Peaud’orange

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20
Q

Nipple retraction

A

Nipple inverting

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21
Q

Benign conditions like fibrocystic breast disease or mastitis

A

Breast pain

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22
Q

More than 2500ml of urine per day ?

A

Polyuria
/ diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, diuretic used /

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23
Q

Blood in urine ?

A

Hematuria

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24
Q

If blood is present at the beginning of the urination, which disorder ?

A

Urethral disorder

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25
Q

If blood is present at the end of urinating or throughout urination, which disorder?

A

Bladder disorder

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26
Q

Difficulty with starting a stream of urine when attempting to urinate

A

Urinary hesitancy

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27
Q

In women, urinary hesitancy occur with

A

UTI, obstruction of lower urinary tract, neuromuscular disorder

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28
Q

In men, urinary hesitancy occur with

A

Prostatic hypertrophy, prostate cancer, UTI, medications

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29
Q

Unable to hold urine

A

Urinary incontinence

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30
Q

Urinary incontinence

A
  • kidney stones
  • tumor, bladder, prostate
  • prostatic hypertrophy
  • Neurologic disorders / Guillain barre syndrome, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury /
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31
Q

Pain during urination

A

Dysuria - signals of lower UTI

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32
Q

If dysuria occurs before urination, with

A

Bladder infection

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33
Q

If dysuria at the end of urination, with

A

Bladder spasm, urethritis

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34
Q

If dysuria is present throughout the entire urination, with

A

Pyelonephritis / combined with flank pain, fever, chills, hematuria /

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35
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Painful menses

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36
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Absence of menses

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37
Q

Thick, white, lumpy and curd-like, with yeasty sweet odor = ? / vaginal discharge /

A

Candidiasis

38
Q

White or grayish discharge with a fishy odor ? / vaginal discharge /

A

Bacterial vaginosis

39
Q

Yellow, odorless, or acrid vaginal discharge ?

A

Chlamydia

40
Q

Yellow, cloudy, foul smelling discharge ?

A

Gonorrhea

41
Q

White, yellow or green penile discharge?

A

Gonorrhea

42
Q

Clear or cloudy penile discharge ?

A

Chlamydia

43
Q

Cancer lesions on external genitalia

A

Painless, often ulcerative lesions

44
Q

Genital warts

A

Painless, fresh colored, cauliflower like / caused by human papilloma virus /

45
Q

One or more painful, red, blistering lesions ?

A

Genital herpes

46
Q

Painless, hard, round, firm nodule which eventually erodes to an ulcer ?

A

Syphilis

47
Q

Bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina and vulva, caused by venous congestion, is often used as an early of pregnancy - which sign?

A

Chadwick’s sign

48
Q

Indication of pregnancy, cervix and vagina soften ?

A

Goodell’s sign

49
Q

Priapism

A

Persistent painful erection, not caused by sexual excitation

50
Q

Abdominal pain has occurs ?

A
  1. Salpingitis
  2. Ectopic pregnancy
  3. Pelvic inflammatory disease
  4. Renal calculi
51
Q

Symptoms of lower quadrant pain, usually on left, suprapubic tenderness, pain on pelvic exam, fever, nausea, vomiting, what disorders suspected?

A

Salpingitis

52
Q

Lower quadrant pain, spotting, irregular menses, mass and tenderness bimanual exam, positive Kehr and Cullen sign, HCG low levels / also shoulder pain /, which disorder suspected ?

A

Ectopic pregnancy

53
Q

Lower quadrant pain, increased with activity, tender adnexa, cervix, discharge from vagina. Which disorder is suspected ?

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

54
Q

Intense flank pain, extending to groin and genitals, episodic, fever, hematuria, Positive Kehr sign. Suspected for what ?

A

Renal calculi

55
Q
  • Red flag: change in skin texture, a palpable lump, puckering or leakage from the nipple, one in eight women occurs. ?
A

Breast cancer

56
Q

Caused by HPV
Transmitted during sexual intercourse
Pap smear commonly used to diagnose
* later stages, may be bleeding
Which disorder?

A

Cervical cancer

57
Q

Ectopic pregnancy treatment with chemotherapy drug called ?

A

METHOTREXATE

58
Q

Ectopic pregnancy treatment with chemotherapy drug called ?

A

METHOTREXATE

59
Q

Endometrial, Uterine cancer

A
  • cancer of uterus
  • occur in postmenopausal woman
  • risk factors: estrogen replacement treatment
  • pap smear and endometrial biopsy
  • RF: abnormal bleeding
60
Q

Abnormal uterine, rectal bleeding, dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, diagnosis by endoscopy and biopsy. What disorder ?

A

Endometriosis

61
Q

Inability to have or maintain an erection during intercourse ?

A

Erectile dysfunction ED

62
Q

Tumors found in breast, young women and mistaken for cancer, non-cancerous tumor ?

A

Fibroadenoma

63
Q

Hormonal imbalances maybe caused, formation of fluid filled cyst in the breast tissue, referred surgical treatment ?

A

Fibrocystic breast disease

64
Q

Gynecomastia

A

Enlargement of breast tissue in males

65
Q

Mother has RH-blood type, fetus has RH+blood type. RH antibodies from the mom can pass through the placenta, attack the fetuses RBS’c destroying them. Which disorder?

A

Hemolytic disease of the Newborn HDN
Aka Erythroblastosis fetalis
/ treatment giving mother anti-RH antibodies (called RhoGam), during the last 3 months of pregnancy and after delivery ( for breast milk safety ) /

66
Q

Hyperemesis gravidarum ?

A

Malignant nausea and excessive vomiting, morning sickness, pregnant women becomes dehydrated

67
Q

Infection of the breast tissue ?

A

Mastitis, infection by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria

68
Q

Estrogen levels naturally decline with age, ovulation becomes irregular, menses become shorter in length ?

A

Menopause / diagnosed whole year passed without menstruation /

69
Q

Risk factors age 50-70, irregular menstrual cycles, pain in abdomen, late menopause, endometriosis may increase risk factors, ultrasound and CT scan can diagnosed, RF: bloated, frequent urination, appetite changes, pain in lower abdominal/ pelvic region. Which disorder is suspected?

A

Ovarian cancer

70
Q

STD / gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis / can infect the peritoneal/ abdominal cavity, maybe caused by infertility. Suspected for what ?

A

Pelvic inflammation disease

71
Q

Hormonal disorders women who has many cystic fibrosis in ovary. Symptoms: excessive hair growth (such as face), acne, obesity, irregular menses, amenorrhea, infertility. Which disorder ?

A

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

72
Q

Swelling or inflammation of the prostate

A

Prostatitis

73
Q

Third most prevalent cancer in males. Slow growing conditions. Symptoms: blood in urine, weak flow of urine, nocturia, pain in abdomen or back, erectile dysfunction. Which disorder ?

A

Prostate cancer
/ digital palpation of the prostate and PSA blood test can be diagnosed /

74
Q

Enlargement of prostate, difficulty urination, occur in elderly male, increase risk of cystitis and KI damage. Which disorders ?

A

Prostatic hypertrophy / Benign prostatic hypertrophy BPH /

75
Q

Ages with men 18-34, risk factor is undescended testicle, family history risk….?

A

Testicular cancer
Ultrasound and blood test looking for cancer markers.

76
Q

RF: hypertension, proteinuria, excessive edema, pre-eclampsia can progress to eclampsia. If this occurs could be epilepsy, cerebral hemorrhage, liver failure and coma. ?

A

Pregnancy with Toxemia / pre-eclampsia /

77
Q

Risk of overweight, have family history / especially mom/, eat lot of red meats, maybe enlarge the abdomen, heavy menstrual bleeding, pain during intercourse, give the sensation fullness in the pelvic area. Which disorders?

A

Uterine fibroids / Leiomyoma or myoma /

78
Q

Amniocentesis diagnosed for which disorders ?

A

Abnormalities in fetus

79
Q

Which disease diagnosed by Chorionic Villus Sampling ?

A

Some disorders of the fetus / 10-12 weeks of pregnancy /

80
Q

Colposcopy

A

Examination of the cervix

81
Q

Cone biopsy and Conization

A

Performed after abnormal Pap smear test, detect of cervical cancer

82
Q

Cystoscopy

A

Urethra and bladder

83
Q

Cystography

A

Bladder and urether

84
Q

Hysteroscopy

A

Uterus

85
Q

Intravenous pyelogram / urography /

A

Kidney and Uterine tract / injected into the bloodstream /

86
Q

Recommended for over the age of 40

A

Mammography

87
Q

Papanicolaou test/ pap smear/

A

Cervix

88
Q

Retrograde urography

A

Catheter into the urethra-bladder-ureter, dye is injected
Also named pyelography

89
Q

Transvaginal ultrasound

A

Vagina / pregnancy and ovaries /

90
Q

Transrectal ultrasound

A

Into the rectum / prostate /

91
Q

Abdominal or pelvic ultrasound

A

Placed on the abdomen / KI, BL, ovary, uterus, prostate, testes /

92
Q

Ovary function

A
  1. Produces the estrogen and progesterone
  2. Production of eggs

Kidney And Reproductive System (2 decks)

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