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Kidney And Reproductive System > Kidney Disorders > Flashcards

Kidney Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Kidney located between the

A

T12 and L3

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2
Q

Left kidney is slightly higher than the right kidney because

A

Adrenal gland

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3
Q

Renal fascia - protected by fatty layer

A

Called adipose-capsule

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4
Q

Renal arteries and veins action

A

Renal arteries bring blood to each kidney
Renal veins return the blood from the kidney back into circulation

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5
Q

Nephron

A

Tube shaped structure, good contact with the bloodstream and blood vessels, 1,25 million nephrons has both kidney

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6
Q

Nephron 3 general function

A
  1. Filtration
  2. Reabsorption /nutrients can be used by body cells /
  3. Secretion /balancing of ions to regulate ph in the blood /
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7
Q

Main parts of the nephron

A

Renal corpuscle / made up of the Bowman’s capsule, glomerulus /
Renal tubule / made up of the proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle /

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8
Q

Renal tubule has 2 types blood capillaries

A
  1. Peritubular capillaries
  2. Vasa recta
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9
Q

Bowman’s capsule action

A
  1. Receives blood from the afferent arteriole
  2. Form the rest of nephron
  3. Composed of cell is PODOCYTES
  4. Filtered small things / water, Na, K, glucose, vitamins, minerals e.g /
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10
Q

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) influenced by :

A
  1. BP in the glomerular capillary, if the BP goes up, filtrate goes up.
  2. Regulated by Auto regulation / if BP drops, afferent arteriole will dilate, glomerular capillary will dilate, efferent arteriole will constrict /
  3. Regulated by hormones / JGA to produce renin - angiotensin I - converted into the Angiotensin II by angiotensin converting enzyme, Angiotensin II cause the constriction of the efferent glomerulus - raising glomerular BP and increasing filtration rate/, / Angiotensin also stimulate the release of aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, increase the thirst sensation /
  4. Regulated by Sympathetic nervous / sympathetic stimulate to the kidney will cause vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole, decrease GFR and decreases filtrate /
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11
Q

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

A
  • First segment of the renal tubule
  • main function is reabsorption
  • reabsorbed 99-100% organic substances in PCT
  • wastes and toxins not be absorbed
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12
Q

Loop of Henle has how many limb?

A
  1. Descending limb / water reabsorbed /
  2. Ascending limb / sodium chloride and ions reabsorbed /
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13
Q

VASA RECTA ?

A

Blood vessels surround of Loop of Henle
/ reabsorb ions and water back into the bloodstream /

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14
Q

Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)

A
  • receives remaining tubular fluid from the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle
  • DCT will reabsorb Na, ions via Na, K pump
  • DCT also does secretion
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15
Q

Ureters have three layers of tissue

A
  1. Inner layer mucosa
  2. Middle layer smooth muscle
  3. Outer layer connective tissue
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16
Q

Bladder muscularis layers?

A
  • detrusor muscle
  • ureter openings trigone
  • openings of the urethra band of muscle / internal urethral sphincter /
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17
Q

Male urethra has three portions

A
  1. Prostatic urethra
  2. Membranous urethra
  3. Spongy urethra
    7-8 inches length
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18
Q

Female urethra has shorter

A

1-2 inches in length, only carries urine

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19
Q

Micturition reflex

A
  1. Urine in the bladder
  2. Bladder fills, send message to spinal cord - beginning micturition
  3. Spinal cord- parasympathetic messages back to the bladder rhythmically contract / another message- thalamus-cerebral cortex- “urge” need to urinate /
  4. Detrusor muscle increase, pressure bladder increase
  5. Decide to urinate - relax the external and internal urethral sphincter
  6. Urine will continue drip into the bladder, after 1 hour, additional filling/ 100-200ml /, micturition reflex begins again
  7. Bladder volume exceeds 500ml, detrusor muscle may overpower the internal sphincter, internal sphincter is forced open, external sphincter automatically open / uncontrolled /
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20
Q

Cystitis

A

Bladder infection

21
Q

Glomerulonephritis

A

Inflammation of the glomeruli / caused by Streptococci bacteria /

22
Q

Glomerulonephritis symptoms

A
  • Hematuria / blood in the urine /
  • Proteinuria / protein in the urine /
  • Edema, BP high
    / chronic state: PH levels abnormal, bleeding disorder /
23
Q

Incontinence

A

Loss of control of the ability to urinate / unable control external urethral sphincter /

24
Q

Interstitial cystitis

A

“Painful bladder syndrome ”

25
Q

Lower abdominal / pubic are pain

A

Painful bladder syndrome

26
Q

Interstitial cystitis symptoms

A
  • increased urinary frequency
  • increased urinary urgency
  • symptoms may increase during menstruation and during intercourse
27
Q

Women over the age of 40 / than men / which syndrome?

A

Painful bladder syndrome / interstitial cystitis /

28
Q

Caused by defect with the bladder ?

A

Interstitial cystitis

29
Q

Cystoscopy and biopsy may be needed for ?

A

Interstitial cystitis

30
Q

Glomerulus of the nephron becomes damaged and allows the passage of large proteins in the urine / proteinuria / ?

A

Nephrosis

31
Q

Nephrosis can be seen in results of

A

Respiratory infections, childhood immunizations, autoimmune processes

32
Q

Nighttime urination

A

Nocturia

33
Q

Nocturia caused by

A
  1. Untreated diabetes mellitus / I and II/
  2. Pregnancy
  3. Medication / diuretics, lithium, cardiac glycosides /
  4. UTInfections
  5. Benign prostatic hyperplasia /BPH/
34
Q

Kidneys become enlarged, many blisters like urine filled sacs

A

Polycystic kidney

35
Q

“ Kidney infection ”

A

Pyelonephritis

36
Q

Caused by Escherichia Coli / normally found in the intestine, colon /

A

Pyelonephritis

37
Q

Red flags: fever, pain, increased urination, painful urination, lumbar pain
Which disease?

A

Kidney infection / pyelonephritis /

38
Q

Renal Calculi also called ?

A

Kidney stones

39
Q

Urine allowed to accumulate in the renal pelvis and concentrate , solutes in the urine /uric acid, salts, minerals /, may start to coagulate and form larger crystals. Crystals move from the larger renal pelvis begin to descend down the narrow ureters , pain will occur ….? Red flag symptoms ?

A

*Sharp, intense pain in the abdomen, low back
*Pain with urination
*Blood in the urine

40
Q

Treatment for small stones

A

Pain medication and drink lot of fluids

41
Q

Treatment for larger stones

A

Uretescopy or shock wave lithotripsy

42
Q

Renal failure “ kidney failure ” caused by

A
  • repeated damaging infections of the kidney
  • physical trauma of the kidney
  • chemical poisoning
  • inadequate blood supply to the kidneys
43
Q

Renal failure “ kidney failure ” caused by

A
  • repeated damaging infections of the kidney
  • physical trauma of the kidney
  • chemical poisoning
  • inadequate blood supply to the kidneys
44
Q

UTI caused by

A

E.Coli

45
Q

RF* painful, frequent, blood-tinged or cloudy urination, fever, urine has strong, unusual odor “ fishy odor ”

A

Urinary tract infection

46
Q

UTI in the urethra is called ?

A

Urethritis

47
Q

UTI in the bladder is called?

A

Cystitis

48
Q

UTI in the kidney is called ?

A

Pyelonephritis

49
Q

If the UTI is in the lower urinary tract, ?

A

Increasing fluid intake may be enough to flush the infection out

Kidney And Reproductive System (2 decks)

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